{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201024500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9954302","title":"Measuring Synchronization between Spikes and Local Field Potential Based on the Kullback\u2013Leibler Divergence","display_name":"Measuring Synchronization between Spikes and Local Field Potential Based on the Kullback\u2013Leibler Divergence","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201024500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9954302","mag":"3201024500","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34539774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/9954302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9954302","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/9954302.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/9954302.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103088866","display_name":"Liyong Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-1965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111381250","display_name":"Hebei Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04eymdx19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111381250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111381250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108463357","display_name":"Guangrong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangrong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101951681","display_name":"Fuzai Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-1740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111381250","display_name":"Hebei Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04eymdx19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111381250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164246","display_name":"First Hospital of Qinhuangdao","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmkqv04","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164246"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fuzai Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066002, China","Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111381250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101951681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111381250","https://openalex.org/I4210164246"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.3202,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61831353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":"9954302","last_page":"9954302"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11513","display_name":"stochastic dynamics and bifurcation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.7381298542022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kullback\u2013leibler-divergence","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","score":0.6973016262054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6174975633621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4713178277015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.430117666721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3970787227153778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23383688926696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21858221292495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13587084412574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1074560284614563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7381298542022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171752962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","level":2,"score":0.6973016262054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6174975633621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4713178277015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.430117666721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3970787227153778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23383688926696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21858221292495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13587084412574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1074560284614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009482","descriptor_name":"Neurophysiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009482","descriptor_name":"Neurophysiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009482","descriptor_name":"Neurophysiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/9954302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9954302","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/9954302.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34539774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34539774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ece6b16aceab48a7b8d680218df23665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ece6b16aceab48a7b8d680218df23665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7340506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8448606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hindawi.com:10.1155/2021/9954302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9954302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400340","display_name":"Hindawi Journal of Chemistry (Hindawi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126990","host_organization_name":"Hindawi (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Research Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8448606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8448606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Intell Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/9954302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9954302","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/9954302.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G281127615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871465","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7203115036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320276","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201024500.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201024500.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966523973","https://openalex.org/W1976211348","https://openalex.org/W1987485108","https://openalex.org/W1987776251","https://openalex.org/W1991266025","https://openalex.org/W1992163286","https://openalex.org/W1994911711","https://openalex.org/W2013186737","https://openalex.org/W2021039798","https://openalex.org/W2026721257","https://openalex.org/W2027547971","https://openalex.org/W2040739363","https://openalex.org/W2077477452","https://openalex.org/W2078212398","https://openalex.org/W2083295972","https://openalex.org/W2101295242","https://openalex.org/W2112575160","https://openalex.org/W2113221784","https://openalex.org/W2115810652","https://openalex.org/W2122635992","https://openalex.org/W2124405419","https://openalex.org/W2139395059","https://openalex.org/W2140993590","https://openalex.org/W2143062588","https://openalex.org/W2151335222","https://openalex.org/W2160904011","https://openalex.org/W2163015899","https://openalex.org/W2170814877","https://openalex.org/W2351271979","https://openalex.org/W2486545838","https://openalex.org/W2774146420","https://openalex.org/W2804922673","https://openalex.org/W2896204241","https://openalex.org/W2896969106","https://openalex.org/W2945761262","https://openalex.org/W2953172531","https://openalex.org/W2956291692","https://openalex.org/W2969778699","https://openalex.org/W2988030429","https://openalex.org/W3046763974","https://openalex.org/W3094594436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105321464","https://openalex.org/W2887774187","https://openalex.org/W2388220555","https://openalex.org/W3048739257","https://openalex.org/W1665563134","https://openalex.org/W2963604926","https://openalex.org/W1616881371","https://openalex.org/W1520875569","https://openalex.org/W2199957582","https://openalex.org/W2033178790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neurophysiological":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2],"shown":[3],"that":[4,96,148,156],"there":[5],"is":[6,99,152],"a":[7,28,52,153],"close":[8],"relationship":[9],"between":[10,35,88,136,162],"spikes":[11,36,62,89,137,163],"and":[12,37,69,90,109,131,138,164],"local":[13],"field":[14],"potential":[15],"(LFP),":[16],"which":[17],"reflects":[18],"crucial":[19],"neural":[20],"coding":[21],"information.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24,120],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,132],"used":[27],"new":[29],"method":[30,98,121,151],"to":[31,46,84,122],"evaluate":[32],"the":[33,59,70,74,79,86,97,104,113,123,134,141,160],"synchronization":[34,87,135,161],"LFP.":[38,91,165],"All":[39],"possible":[40],"phases":[41],"of":[42,56,61,107,115,126,143],"LFP":[43,139],"from":[44,73],"-<i>\u03c0</i>":[45],"<i>\u03c0</i>":[47],"were":[48],"first":[49],"binned":[50],"into":[51],"freely":[53],"chosen":[54],"number":[55,106],"bins;":[57],"then,":[58],"probability":[60],"falling":[63],"in":[64,140],"each":[65],"bin":[66],"was":[67,82],"calculated,":[68],"deviation":[71],"degree":[72],"uniform":[75],"distribution":[76],"based":[77],"on":[78],"Kullback-Leibler":[80],"divergence":[81],"calculated":[83],"define":[85],"The":[92],"simulation":[93],"results":[94,146],"demonstrate":[95],"rapid,":[100],"basically":[101],"unaffected":[102],"by":[103],"total":[105],"spikes,":[108],"can":[110,157],"adequately":[111],"resist":[112],"noise":[114],"spike":[116],"trains.":[117],"We":[118],"applied":[119],"experimental":[124],"data":[125],"patients":[127],"with":[128],"intractable":[129],"epilepsy,":[130],"observed":[133],"formation":[142],"memory.":[144],"These":[145],"show":[147],"our":[149],"proposed":[150],"powerful":[154],"tool":[155],"quantitatively":[158],"measure":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
