{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200035231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9940866","title":"Developing a Model for the University Course Timetabling Problem: A Case Study","display_name":"Developing a Model for the University Course Timetabling Problem: A Case Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200035231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9940866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/9940866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9940866","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/9940866.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/9940866.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109474289","display_name":"Mozhgan Mokhtari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mozhgan Mokhtari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013728419","display_name":"Majid Vaziri Sarashk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4178-4959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majid Vaziri Sarashk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078284751","display_name":"Milad Asadpour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["IR","NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milad Asadpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, Business School, e University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad","Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, Business School, The University of Auckland, Auckland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, Business School, e University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, Business School, The University of Auckland, Auckland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022964386","display_name":"Nadia Saeidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-0567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadia Saeidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054836202","display_name":"Omid Boyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-2995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Omid Boyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054836202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":2.8695,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90922046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9537000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.906499981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6486504673957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.6281808614730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.6081723570823669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.5969217419624329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5382276773452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-programming","display_name":"Constraint programming","score":0.4717116057872772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4633534252643585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4591796398162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.37218961119651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.27189427614212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15657734870910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1552639901638031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15444710850715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12806829810142517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6486504673957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.6281808614730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.6081723570823669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.5969217419624329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5382276773452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173404611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528588","display_name":"Constraint programming","level":3,"score":0.4717116057872772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4633534252643585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4591796398162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.37218961119651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.27189427614212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15657734870910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1552639901638031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15444710850715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12806829810142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137631369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617831","display_name":"Stochastic programming","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/9940866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9940866","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/9940866.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:9940866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/9940866.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7cb3a187f511485aad71fd4cb66ea7d4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7cb3a187f511485aad71fd4cb66ea7d4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/96483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/96483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/9940866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9940866","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/9940866.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200035231.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200035231.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42439938","https://openalex.org/W1986747979","https://openalex.org/W1990532348","https://openalex.org/W1993342066","https://openalex.org/W2013645563","https://openalex.org/W2015974912","https://openalex.org/W2029780726","https://openalex.org/W2048957381","https://openalex.org/W2062660149","https://openalex.org/W2099942580","https://openalex.org/W2102642246","https://openalex.org/W2182253609","https://openalex.org/W2198098822","https://openalex.org/W2227911736","https://openalex.org/W2468108119","https://openalex.org/W2527830873","https://openalex.org/W2809692794","https://openalex.org/W2905500742","https://openalex.org/W2918678828","https://openalex.org/W2993479034","https://openalex.org/W3026716204","https://openalex.org/W3035833550","https://openalex.org/W3042258821","https://openalex.org/W3059914770","https://openalex.org/W3093113496","https://openalex.org/W3175667468","https://openalex.org/W3192397167","https://openalex.org/W4253566953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281297310","https://openalex.org/W4291309325","https://openalex.org/W2950474130","https://openalex.org/W2147600044","https://openalex.org/W4313469555","https://openalex.org/W2737452945","https://openalex.org/W1547011777","https://openalex.org/W2014328192","https://openalex.org/W1985899403","https://openalex.org/W2154938431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"timetable":[3,72,158],"programming":[4,65],"in":[5,31,155],"academic":[6],"settings":[7],"has":[8],"become":[9],"particularly":[10],"challenging":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,69],"such":[14],"factors":[15],"as":[16],"the":[17,22,26,35,43,51,74,78,93,96,101,108,114,121,128,141,150],"growing":[18],"number":[19],"of":[20,24,28,37,53,82,95,144,152],"students,":[21],"variety":[23],"lectures,":[25],"inadequacy":[27],"educational":[29,99],"facilities":[30],"some":[32],"areas,":[33],"and":[34,39,98,107,127,131],"incorporation":[36],"teachers":[38],"students\u2019":[40],"preferences":[41],"into":[42,117],"schedule.":[44],"Many":[45],"researchers,":[46],"therefore,":[47],"have":[48],"been":[49],"formulating":[50],"problem":[52],"timetabling":[54],"lectures":[55],"using":[56],"different":[57],"methods.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,153],"research,":[61],"a":[62,71,118,136,157],"multiobjective":[63,115],"mixed\u2010integer":[64],"model":[66,91,116,154],"was":[67,125],"developed":[68],"provide":[70],"for":[73,159],"postgraduate":[75],"courses":[76],"at":[77],"Industrial":[79],"Engineering":[80],"Department":[81],"Islamic":[83],"Azad":[84],"University,":[85],"Najafabad":[86],"Branch":[87],"(IAUN).":[88],"The":[89,147],"proposed":[90],"minimized":[92],"violation":[94],"lecturers":[97],"priorities,":[100],"student":[102],"travel":[103],"time":[104],"between":[105],"classes,":[106],"classes\u2019":[109],"surplus":[110],"capacity.":[111],"To":[112],"convert":[113],"single":[119],"one,":[120],"\u03b5":[122],"\u2010constraint":[123],"method":[124],"adopted,":[126],"model\u2019s":[129],"accuracy":[130],"feasibility":[132],"were":[133],"examined":[134],"through":[135],"real":[137],"example":[138],"solved":[139],"by":[140],"CPLEX":[142],"solver":[143],"GAMS":[145],"software.":[146],"results":[148],"approved":[149],"efficiency":[151],"preparing":[156],"university":[160],"lectures.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}