{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157931548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9923389","title":"Artificial Intelligence-Based Digital Image Steganalysis","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence-Based Digital Image Steganalysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157931548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9923389","mag":"3157931548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/9923389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9923389","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/9923389.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/9923389.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033252616","display_name":"Ahmed I. Iskanderani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6615-9258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed I. Iskanderani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6615-9258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015412445","display_name":"Ibrahim M. Mehedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8073-9750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim M. Mehedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems (CEIES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8073-9750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems (CEIES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112968546","display_name":"Abdulah Jeza Aljohani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulah Jeza Aljohani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems (CEIES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9992-7177","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems (CEIES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039552087","display_name":"Mohammad Shorfuzzaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8050-8431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shorfuzzaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8050-8431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042868300","display_name":"Farzana Akther","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3124-8036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farzana Akther","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Thangam Palaniswamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1354-5811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thangam Palaniswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1354-5811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038085886","display_name":"Shaikh Abdul Latif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3224-2608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaikh Abdul Latif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","Department of Nuclear Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3224-2608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nuclear Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036010588","display_name":"Abdul Latif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8973-1381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Latif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","Department of Nuclear Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8973-1381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nuclear Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015412445"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.6789,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70618141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8966042399406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.8842711448669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6126512289047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5649075508117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image","display_name":"Digital image","score":0.5378773212432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.44956135749816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4056706130504608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3506682515144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3444533348083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2751303017139435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8966042399406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.8842711448669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6126512289047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5649075508117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.5378773212432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.44956135749816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4056706130504608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3506682515144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3444533348083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2751303017139435}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/9923389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9923389","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/9923389.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/6bfa417c-b75f-4c55-a32a-9ac4bf7fe44c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/6bfa417c-b75f-4c55-a32a-9ac4bf7fe44c","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iskanderani, A I, Mehedi, I M, Aljohani, A J, Shorfuzzaman, M, Akther, F, Palaniswamy, T, Latif, S A & Latif, A 2021, 'Artificial Intelligence-Based Digital Image Steganalysis', Security and Communication Networks, vol. 2021, 9923389. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9923389","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9bf3a8edc6d445f19a65f294872a3142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9bf3a8edc6d445f19a65f294872a3142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hindawi.com:10.1155/2021/9923389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9923389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400340","display_name":"Hindawi Journal of Chemistry (Hindawi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126990","host_organization_name":"Hindawi (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Research Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/9923389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9923389","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/9923389.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1642807592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IFPRC-027-135\u20132020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","funder_display_name":"King Abdulaziz University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5092434846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IFPRC-027-135\u20132020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327296","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education \u2013 Kingdom of Saudi Arabi"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327296","display_name":"Ministry of Education \u2013 Kingdom of Saudi Arabi","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157931548.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157931548.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067544246","https://openalex.org/W2571946726","https://openalex.org/W2621048556","https://openalex.org/W2733608110","https://openalex.org/W2739185626","https://openalex.org/W2768704901","https://openalex.org/W2791370475","https://openalex.org/W2884439230","https://openalex.org/W2892948265","https://openalex.org/W2910124558","https://openalex.org/W2912007785","https://openalex.org/W2962951125","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963957509","https://openalex.org/W2969585684","https://openalex.org/W2972355823","https://openalex.org/W2973638934","https://openalex.org/W3006771233","https://openalex.org/W3011963364","https://openalex.org/W3037681428","https://openalex.org/W3045883714","https://openalex.org/W3048439446","https://openalex.org/W3096786072","https://openalex.org/W3108248754","https://openalex.org/W3110202435","https://openalex.org/W3157027037","https://openalex.org/W6725739302","https://openalex.org/W6732314137","https://openalex.org/W6740909903","https://openalex.org/W6745920997","https://openalex.org/W6758375598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148973528","https://openalex.org/W2939392096","https://openalex.org/W4243922849","https://openalex.org/W2106726851","https://openalex.org/W4309385482","https://openalex.org/W2792878404","https://openalex.org/W2068740952","https://openalex.org/W1583147569","https://openalex.org/W2182496537","https://openalex.org/W3154843532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"deep":[1,11],"learning-based":[2],"models":[3,13,123],"are":[4,94],"being":[5],"extensively":[6],"utilized":[7,64],"for":[8,54],"steganalysis.":[9,56],"However,":[10],"learning":[12],"suffer":[14],"from":[15],"overfitting":[16],"and":[17,78],"hyperparameter":[18],"tuning":[19],"issues.":[20],"Therefore,":[21],"in":[22,124],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"an":[25],"efficient":[26],"<math":[27,37,57],"xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[28,38,58],"id=\"M1\">":[29],"<mi>\u03b8</mi>":[30,40,60],"</math>":[31,41,61],"-nondominated":[32],"sorting":[33],"genetic":[34],"algorithm-":[35],"(":[36],"id=\"M2\">":[39],"NSGA-)":[42],"III":[43],"based":[44],"densely":[45],"connected":[46],"convolutional":[47],"neural":[48],"network":[49],"(DCNN)":[50],"model":[51,83,103,118],"is":[52,63,104],"proposed":[53,102,117],"image":[55],"id=\"M3\">":[59],"NSGA-III":[62],"to":[65],"tune":[66],"the":[67,76,81,88,101,108,116,120],"initial":[68],"parameters":[69],"of":[70,80,100,126],"DCNN":[71,82],"model.":[72,111],"It":[73],"can":[74],"control":[75],"accuracy":[77],"f-measure":[79],"by":[84],"utilizing":[85],"them":[86],"as":[87],"multiobjective":[89],"fitness":[90],"function.":[91],"Extensive":[92],"experiments":[93],"drawn":[95,106],"on":[96],"STEGRT1":[97],"dataset.":[98],"Comparison":[99],"also":[105],"with":[107],"competitive":[109],"steganalysis":[110,122],"Performance":[112],"analyses":[113],"reveal":[114],"that":[115],"outperforms":[119],"existing":[121],"terms":[125],"various":[127],"performance":[128],"metrics.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
