{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175694488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9451730","title":"On the 5G Communications: Fractal\u2010Shaped Antennas for PPDR Applications","display_name":"On the 5G Communications: Fractal\u2010Shaped Antennas for PPDR Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175694488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9451730","mag":"3175694488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/9451730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9451730","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/9451730.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/9451730.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045703927","display_name":"Mihai\u2010Virgil Nichita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-4608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihai-Virgil Nichita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Doctoral School, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, Bucharest RO-060042, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-4608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doctoral School, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, Bucharest RO-060042, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034372215","display_name":"Maria-Alexandra P\u00e3un","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-7457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria-Alexandra Paun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Route Cantonale, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-7457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Route Cantonale, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041822846","display_name":"Vladimir\u2010Alexandru Paun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3352-9595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33800924","display_name":"Academia Oamenilor de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybnj478","country_code":"RO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33800924"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101742","display_name":"Laboratoires d'Anjou (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/015r6qx80","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101742"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["FR","RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir-Alexandru Paun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, Bucharest RO-050094, Romania","Five Rescue Research Laboratory, 35 Quai d'Anjou, Paris 75004, France","Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, Bucharest RO-060042, Romania","Five Rescue Research Laboratory, 35 Quai d\u2019Anjou, Paris 75004, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3352-9595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, Bucharest RO-050094, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33800924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Five Rescue Research Laboratory, 35 Quai d'Anjou, Paris 75004, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101742"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, Bucharest RO-060042, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Five Rescue Research Laboratory, 35 Quai d\u2019Anjou, Paris 75004, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047140558","display_name":"Viorel\u2010Puiu Paun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-380X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33800924","display_name":"Academia Oamenilor de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybnj478","country_code":"RO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33800924"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101742","display_name":"Laboratoires d'Anjou (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/015r6qx80","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101742"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["FR","RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viorel-Puiu Paun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, Bucharest RO-050094, Romania","Five Rescue Research Laboratory, 35 Quai d'Anjou, Paris 75004, France","Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, Bucharest RO-060042, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-380X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, Bucharest RO-050094, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33800924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Five Rescue Research Laboratory, 35 Quai d'Anjou, Paris 75004, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101742"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, Bucharest RO-060042, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034372215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":6.4056,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96249994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-antenna","display_name":"Fractal antenna","score":0.7305277585983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5514093041419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standing-wave-ratio","display_name":"Standing wave ratio","score":0.5393957495689392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformal-antenna","display_name":"Conformal antenna","score":0.5235504508018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.4626940190792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.45865604281425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.45385417342185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.453523725271225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/koch-snowflake","display_name":"Koch snowflake","score":0.43352729082107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-antenna","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","score":0.42938193678855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-antenna","display_name":"Dipole antenna","score":0.42842116951942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.4130401015281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40993136167526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.37477684020996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.35134804248809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3333733081817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32522666454315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slot-antenna","display_name":"Slot antenna","score":0.3111790418624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2854464650154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2559944987297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip-antenna","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","score":0.2418975532054901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-efficiency","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","score":0.2271120846271515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18153581023216248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.159720778465271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14837719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440551","display_name":"Fractal antenna","level":5,"score":0.7305277585983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5514093041419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188364","display_name":"Standing wave ratio","level":4,"score":0.5393957495689392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182697305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160244","display_name":"Conformal antenna","level":5,"score":0.5235504508018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.4626940190792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45865604281425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.45385417342185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.453523725271225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134236712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223137","display_name":"Koch snowflake","level":3,"score":0.43352729082107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.42938193678855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113145756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126859","display_name":"Dipole antenna","level":3,"score":0.42842116951942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.4130401015281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40993136167526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.37477684020996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.35134804248809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3333733081817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32522666454315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109026120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369099","display_name":"Slot antenna","level":4,"score":0.3111790418624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2854464650154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2559944987297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.2418975532054901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.2271120846271515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18153581023216248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.159720778465271}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/9451730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9451730","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/9451730.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:287556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/287556","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/287556/files/9451730.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:9451730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/9451730.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5cf8a48fab7b4b0fa7615dc667274f42","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5cf8a48fab7b4b0fa7615dc667274f42","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/9451730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9451730","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/9451730.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175694488.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175694488.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542246167","https://openalex.org/W2031118460","https://openalex.org/W2181963206","https://openalex.org/W2488816793","https://openalex.org/W2553709375","https://openalex.org/W2566165600","https://openalex.org/W2571607293","https://openalex.org/W2792276942","https://openalex.org/W2793536413","https://openalex.org/W2999910742","https://openalex.org/W3000382364","https://openalex.org/W7009969755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985269486","https://openalex.org/W3151532276","https://openalex.org/W3134980972","https://openalex.org/W2585500460","https://openalex.org/W1548770338","https://openalex.org/W4385451424","https://openalex.org/W2785321878","https://openalex.org/W2896552035","https://openalex.org/W3104533135","https://openalex.org/W1994612917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,72,157],"this":[1,163],"study,":[2],"one":[3],"method":[4],"of":[5,15,41,83,121,134,149,176,205,211,218],"using":[6,168],"antennas":[7,46],"based":[8],"on":[9],"fractals":[10,69,177],"to":[11,37,50,74,159,215],"cover":[12],"few":[13],"kinds":[14],"public":[16],"protection":[17],"and":[18,59,89,116,139,231,237,251,257,261,273,279,305],"disaster":[19],"relief":[20],"(PPDR)":[21],"communications":[22,77],"was":[23],"presented.":[24],"Dedicated":[25],"antenna":[26,30,94,103,161,213,247],"forms,":[27],"necessary":[28,101],"for":[29,102,136,178,243,263,293,300,308],"design":[31],"by":[32],"5G":[33,79],"implementation,":[34],"were":[35],"enhanced":[36],"suit":[38],"the":[39,93,113,119,132,186,192,196,203,206,209,212,216,223,226,268,284,287],"requirements":[40],"specific":[42],"applications.":[43],"Employing":[44],"fractal\u2010shaped":[45],"have":[47,85,144,190],"allowed":[48],"us":[49],"accomplish":[51],"all":[52],"these":[53],"actions,":[54],"which":[55],"request":[56],"compact,":[57],"conformal,":[58],"broadband":[60],"high":[61],"performance":[62],"devices.":[63],"Antennas":[64],"derived":[65],"from":[66],"Koch\u2019s":[67,141],"curve":[68],"are":[70,228,248,270],"studied.":[71],"order":[73,158],"implement":[75],"PPDR":[76],"in":[78,92,181,199],"technology,":[80],"frequency":[81,183],"bandwidths":[82],"importance":[84],"been":[86,145],"carefully":[87],"selected":[88,152],"properly":[90],"included":[91],"developments":[95],"under":[96],"MATLAB":[97],"environment.":[98],"Important":[99],"information":[100],"designers,":[104],"such":[105],"as":[106,123,125],"360":[107,291],"degrees":[108],"directivity":[109,150],"at":[110,151,234,254,276],"various":[111],"frequencies,":[112],"impedance":[114,285],"(resistance":[115],"reactance)":[117],"along":[118,131,286],"bandwidth":[120,133,288],"interest,":[122],"well":[124],"voltage":[126],"standing":[127],"wave":[128],"ratio":[129,207],"(VSWR)":[130],"interest":[135],"dipole,":[137],"one\u2010iteration,":[138],"two\u2010iteration":[140,264,294],"curves,":[142],"respectively,":[143,260],"obtained.":[146],"The":[147,241],"characteristic":[148],"frequencies":[153],"is":[154,202,289],"also":[155],"highlighted.":[156],"maximize":[160],"parameters,":[162],"study":[164],"has":[165],"successfully":[166],"proposed":[167],"fractal":[169,245,265,295,302],"antennas,":[170,188,225],"objects":[171],"that":[172],"use":[173],"self\u2010similarity":[174],"property":[175],"optimum":[179],"operation":[180],"several":[182],"ranges.":[184],"For":[185,222],"studied":[187],"we":[189],"obtained":[191],"following":[193],"results":[194],"regarding":[195],"maximum":[197],"gains":[198,210,227,242,269],"dBi":[200,230,233,250,253,272,275],"(which":[201],"unit":[204],"between":[208],"compared":[214],"gain":[217],"an":[219],"isotropic":[220],"antenna).":[221],"dipole":[224,309],"2.73":[229],"4.76":[232],"460":[235,255,277],"MHz":[236,256,278],"770":[238,258,280],"MHz,":[239,259,281],"respectively.":[240,282,311],"one\u2010iteration":[244,301],"Koch":[246,266,296,303],"6.91":[249],"4.51":[252],"finally,":[262],"antenna,":[267,297,304,310],"4.91":[271],"3.28":[274],"Moreover,":[283],"approximately":[290],"Ohms":[292,299,307],"180":[298],"140":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
