{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202373489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8922656","title":"An Unsupervised Deep Feature Learning Model Based on Parallel Convolutional Autoencoder for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Main Reducer","display_name":"An Unsupervised Deep Feature Learning Model Based on Parallel Convolutional Autoencoder for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Main Reducer","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202373489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8922656","mag":"3202373489","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34630558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8922656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8922656","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/8922656.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/8922656.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001630001","display_name":"Qing Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8706-006X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177739611","display_name":"Yangtze University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhmhz54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qing Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 430023, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8706-006X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 430023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101406056","display_name":"Changhua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5669-5364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177739611","display_name":"Yangtze University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhmhz54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Office, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 430023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Office, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 430023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001630001"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":1.805,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85130459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":"8922656","last_page":"8922656"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8284822702407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7999606132507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7809574604034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6887463331222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.613162100315094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6064422130584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.588363766670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.561420738697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.5092753171920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.4727928340435028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.43979668617248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4175850450992584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8284822702407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7999606132507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7809574604034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6887463331222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.613162100315094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6064422130584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.588363766670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.561420738697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.5092753171920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4727928340435028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.43979668617248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4175850450992584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8922656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8922656","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/8922656.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34630558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34630558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bb9281fa513f483794cf56f7a5fef6b6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bb9281fa513f483794cf56f7a5fef6b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7389196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8497123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8497123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8497123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Intell Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8922656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8922656","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/8922656.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4617506564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62006028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G554068976","display_name":"\u8fde\u7eed\u7ba1\u7f3a\u9677\u5904\u7ec6\u89c2-\u5b8f\u89c2\u635f\u4f24\u5931\u6548\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"51974036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202373489.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202373489.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1149780346","https://openalex.org/W1990866134","https://openalex.org/W1992319160","https://openalex.org/W2033800551","https://openalex.org/W2136655611","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2177066871","https://openalex.org/W2305066525","https://openalex.org/W2363728487","https://openalex.org/W2549570176","https://openalex.org/W2556345765","https://openalex.org/W2601590138","https://openalex.org/W2609597778","https://openalex.org/W2737897717","https://openalex.org/W2738563279","https://openalex.org/W2744364563","https://openalex.org/W2765662117","https://openalex.org/W2766319942","https://openalex.org/W2767234670","https://openalex.org/W2768211408","https://openalex.org/W2773239863","https://openalex.org/W2790195878","https://openalex.org/W2791694051","https://openalex.org/W2810292802","https://openalex.org/W2884689635","https://openalex.org/W2889809771","https://openalex.org/W2914345141","https://openalex.org/W2932010661","https://openalex.org/W2940729355","https://openalex.org/W2944676531","https://openalex.org/W2965097336","https://openalex.org/W2973817951","https://openalex.org/W2978144367","https://openalex.org/W2981973403","https://openalex.org/W3000357022","https://openalex.org/W3003160776","https://openalex.org/W3009587714","https://openalex.org/W3012683815","https://openalex.org/W3041235554","https://openalex.org/W3105706122","https://openalex.org/W3119782797","https://openalex.org/W4312531999"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769441402","https://openalex.org/W2594436708","https://openalex.org/W4360994128","https://openalex.org/W3086240734","https://openalex.org/W2951850672","https://openalex.org/W2789476480","https://openalex.org/W2983142544","https://openalex.org/W2891059443","https://openalex.org/W3047363187","https://openalex.org/W4281663961"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"diagnostic":[1,62,167],"framework":[2,168],"consists":[3],"of":[4,58,61,87,137,145,154,178,190],"three":[5],"parts:":[6],"data":[7],"acquisition,":[8],"feature":[9,16,42,59,100,173],"generation,":[10],"and":[11,26,33,53,70,91,114,175,185],"fault":[12,152],"classification.":[13],"However,":[14],"manual":[15],"extraction":[17],"utilized":[18,118],"signal":[19],"processing":[20],"technologies":[21],"heavily":[22],"depending":[23],"on":[24,46,104,134,170],"subjectivity":[25],"prior":[27],"knowledge":[28],"which":[29],"affect":[30],"the":[31,56,109,130,146,166,183,187],"effectiveness":[32,144],"efficiency.":[34],"To":[35],"tackle":[36],"these":[37],"problems,":[38],"an":[39],"unsupervised":[40,99,172],"deep":[41,79,135,176],"learning":[43,101,174],"model":[44,132],"based":[45,103,133,169],"parallel":[47,98,171],"convolutional":[48,105],"autoencoder":[49,106],"(PCAE)":[50],"is":[51,149],"proposed":[52,147],"applied":[54],"in":[55,93,151,161],"stage":[57],"generation":[60],"framework.":[63],"Firstly,":[64],"raw":[65,88],"vibration":[66],"signals":[67],"are":[68,117,127],"normalized":[69],"segmented":[71],"into":[72,129],"sample":[73,89],"set":[74,90],"by":[75,96,193],"sliding":[76],"window.":[77],"Secondly,":[78],"features":[80,126],"are,":[81],"respectively,":[82],"extracted":[83,124],"from":[84],"reshaped":[85],"form":[86],"spectrogram":[92],"time-frequency":[94],"domain":[95],"two":[97],"branches":[102],"(CAE).":[107],"During":[108],"training":[110],"process,":[111],"dropout":[112],"regularization":[113],"batch":[115],"normalization":[116],"to":[119],"prevent":[120],"over":[121],"fitting.":[122],"Finally,":[123],"representative":[125],"feed":[128],"classification":[131,179],"structure":[136,177],"neural":[138],"network":[139],"(DNN)":[140],"with":[141],"softmax.":[142],"The":[143,158],"approach":[148],"evaluated":[150],"diagnosis":[153],"automobile":[155],"main":[156],"reducer.":[157],"results":[159],"produced":[160],"contrastive":[162],"analysis":[163],"demonstrate":[164],"that":[165],"can":[180],"effectively":[181],"enhance":[182,186],"robustness":[184],"identification":[188],"accuracy":[189],"operation":[191],"conditions":[192],"nearly":[194],"8%.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}