{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179569349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8824601","title":"IOT-Based Cotton Whitefly Prediction Using Deep Learning","display_name":"IOT-Based Cotton Whitefly Prediction Using Deep Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179569349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8824601","mag":"3179569349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8824601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8824601","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/8824601.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/8824601.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103010257","display_name":"Rana Muhammad Saleem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0762-9795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rana Muhammad Saleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Sub Campus, Burewala, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0762-9795","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Sub Campus, Burewala, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053254938","display_name":"Rafaqut Kazmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8111-1911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafaqat Kazmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8111-1911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019585948","display_name":"Imran Sarwar Bajwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5161-6441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Imran Sarwar Bajwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5161-6441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Amna Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-9241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amna Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-9241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062851415","display_name":"Shabana Ramzan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-6667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800060998","display_name":"Government Sadiq College Women University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zp49f50","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800060998"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shabana Ramzan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-6667","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800060998"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044061346","display_name":"Waheed Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-6951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waheed Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-6951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019585948"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":5.3115,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95071344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12093","display_name":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12894","display_name":"Date Palm Research Studies","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whitefly","display_name":"Whitefly","score":0.662123441696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pest-analysis","display_name":"PEST analysis","score":0.6275266408920288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.5170629620552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4819238483905792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.4722572863101959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.45168596506118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3882322311401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2666986584663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18562403321266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.14969587326049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.14754566550254822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.14191952347755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1286865472793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0919950008392334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781436638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815617","display_name":"Whitefly","level":2,"score":0.662123441696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22508944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568174","display_name":"PEST analysis","level":2,"score":0.6275266408920288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5170629620552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4819238483905792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.4722572863101959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.45168596506118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3882322311401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2666986584663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18562403321266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.14969587326049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14754566550254822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14191952347755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1286865472793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0919950008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8824601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8824601","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/8824601.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb12a6bf7071490d93c7bf023ef8b1aa","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb12a6bf7071490d93c7bf023ef8b1aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8824601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8824601","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/8824601.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179569349.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179569349.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536678456","https://openalex.org/W2005579736","https://openalex.org/W2008947590","https://openalex.org/W2047856484","https://openalex.org/W2088799675","https://openalex.org/W2114768609","https://openalex.org/W2128360662","https://openalex.org/W2244916558","https://openalex.org/W2618047661","https://openalex.org/W2742039432","https://openalex.org/W2771058985","https://openalex.org/W2792929590","https://openalex.org/W2802507504","https://openalex.org/W2806576037","https://openalex.org/W2896863891","https://openalex.org/W2898915769","https://openalex.org/W2899776773","https://openalex.org/W2901108539","https://openalex.org/W2912788594","https://openalex.org/W2922407632","https://openalex.org/W2939847281","https://openalex.org/W2946016983","https://openalex.org/W2949841709","https://openalex.org/W2958194094","https://openalex.org/W2967678982","https://openalex.org/W2971775418","https://openalex.org/W2997066259","https://openalex.org/W2998548240","https://openalex.org/W3035016091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3140395651","https://openalex.org/W2060136850","https://openalex.org/W2078328900","https://openalex.org/W2005926940","https://openalex.org/W2277712816","https://openalex.org/W2011835979","https://openalex.org/W2790367747","https://openalex.org/W4292485071","https://openalex.org/W1505544266","https://openalex.org/W2058504412"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agriculture":[0],"is":[1,49,161],"suffering":[2],"from":[3],"the":[4,53,69,72,120,149,152,164,176],"problem":[5],"of":[6,21,46,71,74,97,106,151,168],"low":[7],"fertility":[8],"and":[9,17,76,89,94,113,127,142],"climate":[10],"hazards":[11],"such":[12,84],"as":[13,85],"increased":[14],"pest":[15,22,34,62,158,169,172],"attacks":[16,23],"diseases.":[18],"Early":[19],"prediction":[20,63,105,159,173],"can":[24],"be":[25],"very":[26],"helpful":[27],"in":[28,31,163],"improving":[29],"productivity":[30],"agriculture.":[32],"Insect":[33],"(whitefly)":[35],"attack":[36,55,122],"has":[37],"a":[38,77],"high":[39,165],"influence":[40],"on":[41,81],"cotton":[42],"crop":[43],"yield.":[44],"Internet":[45,73],"Things":[47,75],"solution":[48],"proposed":[50,99,156],"to":[51,56,118,147,175,178],"predict":[52,119],"whitefly":[54,107,121],"take":[57,179],"prevention":[58],"measures.":[59,181],"An":[60],"insect":[61,157],"system":[64,160],"(IPPS)":[65],"was":[66],"developed":[67],"with":[68],"help":[70],"RBFN":[78,114,153],"algorithm":[79,115],"based":[80],"environmental":[82],"parameters":[83],"temperature,":[86,124],"humidity,":[87,125],"rainfall,":[88,126],"wind":[90,128],"speed.":[91,129],"Pest":[92],"Warning":[93],"Quality":[95],"Control":[96],"Pesticides":[98],"an":[100],"economic":[101,110],"threshold":[102,111],"level":[103,112],"for":[104],"attack.":[108],"The":[109,130,155],"are":[116,145],"used":[117,146],"using":[123],"seven":[131],"evaluation":[132],"metrics":[133],"accuracy,":[134],"f-measures,":[135],"precision,":[136],"recall,":[137],"Cohen\u2019s":[138],"kappa,":[139],"ROC":[140],"AUC,":[141],"confusion":[143],"matrix":[144],"determine":[148],"performance":[150],"algorithm.":[154],"deployed":[162],"influenced":[166],"region":[167],"that":[170],"provides":[171],"information":[174],"farmer":[177],"control":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}