{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3139978924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8822069","title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease Diagnosis in Cepstral Domain Using MFCC and Dimensionality Reduction with SVM Classifier","display_name":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease Diagnosis in Cepstral Domain Using MFCC and Dimensionality Reduction with SVM Classifier","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3139978924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8822069","mag":"3139978924"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8822069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8822069","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/8822069.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/8822069.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071063114","display_name":"Atiqur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0395-1779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154218","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Bannu","ror":"https://ror.org/04be2dn15","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154218"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atiqur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154218"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000580164","display_name":"Sanam Shahla Rizvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-3250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104778","display_name":"Education Labour Relations Council","ror":"https://ror.org/01606az08","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104778"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanam Shahla Rizvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Raptor Interactive (Pty) Ltd., Eco Boulevard, Witch Hazel Ave, Centurion 0157, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-3250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raptor Interactive (Pty) Ltd., Eco Boulevard, Witch Hazel Ave, Centurion 0157, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aurangzeb Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154218","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Bannu","ror":"https://ror.org/04be2dn15","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154218"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aurangzeb Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154218"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081236856","display_name":"Aaqif Afzaal Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-1321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152236710","display_name":"Foundation University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/0130a6s10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaqif Afzaal Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103156316","display_name":"Shafqat Ullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1969-1289"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shafqat Ullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of Buner, Buner, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of Buner, Buner, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044985062","display_name":"Tae\u2010Sun Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-1136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tae-Sun Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-1136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044985062"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":5.095,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96476807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11358","display_name":"Dysphagia Assessment and Management","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9520000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7667732238769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7115998268127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.684817373752594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.6638368368148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.6513227820396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6428242921829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.5685393214225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cepstrum","display_name":"Cepstrum","score":0.5313252806663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5193641781806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47455984354019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4256362318992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.39213722944259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.36711758375167847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7667732238769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7115998268127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.684817373752594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6638368368148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.6513227820396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6428242921829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.5685393214225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88485024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054571","display_name":"Cepstrum","level":2,"score":0.5313252806663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5193641781806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47455984354019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4256362318992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.39213722944259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.36711758375167847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8822069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8822069","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/8822069.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:20c7916e894545c4be6d56ea34bc3354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/20c7916e894545c4be6d56ea34bc3354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unipa.it:10447/641573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10447/641573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401065","display_name":"Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8822069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8822069","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/8822069.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1568672042","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1F1A1058548","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1980817422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1F1A1058548","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2316913074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1F1A1058548","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311737","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139978924.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139978924.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1431429584","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1498742556","https://openalex.org/W1533546067","https://openalex.org/W1982130144","https://openalex.org/W2032655680","https://openalex.org/W2037760741","https://openalex.org/W2059322891","https://openalex.org/W2062427398","https://openalex.org/W2074578935","https://openalex.org/W2084627109","https://openalex.org/W2100534701","https://openalex.org/W2112765817","https://openalex.org/W2117805816","https://openalex.org/W2121577977","https://openalex.org/W2134886133","https://openalex.org/W2159209410","https://openalex.org/W2240632480","https://openalex.org/W2402137650","https://openalex.org/W2404790171","https://openalex.org/W2474271774","https://openalex.org/W2541624402","https://openalex.org/W2544106530","https://openalex.org/W2558596014","https://openalex.org/W2590761639","https://openalex.org/W2598766133","https://openalex.org/W2755642732","https://openalex.org/W2762852562","https://openalex.org/W2765885286","https://openalex.org/W2774120135","https://openalex.org/W2788130861","https://openalex.org/W2806647989","https://openalex.org/W2810618178","https://openalex.org/W2884714191","https://openalex.org/W2886929342","https://openalex.org/W2889299727","https://openalex.org/W2898866157","https://openalex.org/W2906853770","https://openalex.org/W2943511409","https://openalex.org/W2954368032","https://openalex.org/W2964676347","https://openalex.org/W2980090549","https://openalex.org/W2983956761","https://openalex.org/W2990252557","https://openalex.org/W2997415622","https://openalex.org/W3022568704","https://openalex.org/W3041911350","https://openalex.org/W3048887539"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114217318","https://openalex.org/W2794812819","https://openalex.org/W2587881214","https://openalex.org/W2018086531","https://openalex.org/W3104072235","https://openalex.org/W3036945320","https://openalex.org/W1980297060","https://openalex.org/W2387604097","https://openalex.org/W4385672897","https://openalex.org/W2370263288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Parkinson\u2019s":[0],"disease":[1],"(PD)":[2],"is":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,24,29,37,47,102,155,180,183,187,201],"the":[6,21,25,38,117,130,153,156,171,177,190,205,217,224],"most":[7],"common":[8],"and":[9,49,94,125,143,185],"serious":[10],"neurological":[11],"diseases.":[12],"Impairments":[13],"in":[14,56],"voice":[15,95,118,202],"have":[16],"been":[17,89],"reported":[18],"to":[19,135,151,223],"be":[20,54,98],"early":[22,35],"biomarkers":[23],"disease.":[26,39],"Hence,":[27],"development":[28],"PD":[30,48,82,110,124],"diagnostic":[31],"tool":[32],"will":[33],"help":[34],"diagnosis":[36],"Additionally,":[40,204],"intelligent":[41,192],"system":[42,193],"developed":[43,161],"for":[44,61],"binary":[45],"classification":[46,144],"healthy":[50,126],"controls":[51],"can":[52],"also":[53,160],"exploited":[55],"future":[57],"as":[58,79],"an":[59],"instrument":[60],"prodromal":[62],"diagnosis.":[63],"Notably,":[64],"patients":[65,210],"with":[66,83,123],"rapid":[67],"eye":[68],"movement":[69],"(REM)":[70],"sleep":[71],"behaviour":[72],"disorder":[73],"(RBD)":[74],"represent":[75],"a":[76,84,99],"good":[77],"model":[78],"they":[80],"develop":[81],"high":[85],"probability.":[86],"It":[87,167],"has":[88],"shown":[90],"that":[91,170],"slight":[92],"speech":[93],"impairment":[96],"may":[97],"sensitive":[100],"marker":[101],"preclinical":[103],"PD.":[104],"In":[105,149],"this":[106],"study,":[107],"we":[108,133,159],"propose":[109,134],"detection":[111],"by":[112],"extracting":[113],"cepstral":[114],"features":[115],"from":[116,121,209],"signals":[119],"collected":[120,208],"people":[122],"subjects.":[127],"To":[128],"classify":[129],"extracted":[131],"features,":[132],"use":[136],"dimensionality":[137],"reduction":[138],"through":[139,145],"linear":[140],"discriminant":[141],"analysis":[142],"support":[146],"vector":[147],"machine.":[148],"order":[150],"validate":[152],"effectiveness":[154],"proposed":[157,172,191],"method,":[158],"ten":[162],"different":[163],"machine":[164],"learning":[165],"models.":[166],"was":[168,194],"observed":[169],"method":[173],"yield":[174],"area":[175],"under":[176,211],"curve":[178],"(AUC)":[179],"88%,":[181],"sensitivity":[182],"73.33%,":[184],"specificity":[186],"84%.":[188],"Moreover,":[189],"simulated":[195],"using":[196],"publicly":[197],"available":[198],"multiple":[199],"types":[200],"database.":[203],"data":[206],"were":[207],"on-state.":[212],"The":[213],"obtained":[214],"results":[215],"on":[216],"public":[218],"database":[219],"are":[220],"promising":[221],"compared":[222],"previously":[225],"published":[226],"work.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}