{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216690153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8287750","title":"Nonintrusive Industrial Load Identification Combined with Random Forests and Steady-State Waveform","display_name":"Nonintrusive Industrial Load Identification Combined with Random Forests and Steady-State Waveform","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216690153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8287750","mag":"3216690153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8287750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8287750","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2021/8287750.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2021/8287750.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044329926","display_name":"Shuhui Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2555-9399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuhui Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2555-9399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086028205","display_name":"Hongxia Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2047-4871"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxia Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Marketing Service Center, Jinan 250001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Marketing Service Center, Jinan 250001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396417","display_name":"Junjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7060-6663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100608757","display_name":"Junnan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4229-5398"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junnan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Henan Electric Power Company Marketing Service Center, Zhengzhou 450015, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Henan Electric Power Company Marketing Service Center, Zhengzhou 450015, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044329926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"fwci":0.2034,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53071709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.8419123888015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6575796604156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5539857745170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5132217407226562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.49283790588378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steady-state","display_name":"Steady state (chemistry)","score":0.43636447191238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4195922315120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38794800639152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.374324232339859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.28681492805480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14204153418540955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.8419123888015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6575796604156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5539857745170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5132217407226562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49283790588378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8171440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903414","display_name":"Steady state (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.43636447191238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4195922315120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38794800639152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.374324232339859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.28681492805480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14204153418540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8287750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8287750","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2021/8287750.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:50b0c4d9724842b1b1fd50e4205c39d8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/50b0c4d9724842b1b1fd50e4205c39d8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8287750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8287750","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2021/8287750.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216690153.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216690153.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006478669","https://openalex.org/W2092952536","https://openalex.org/W2123910460","https://openalex.org/W2162855079","https://openalex.org/W2209987497","https://openalex.org/W2338255398","https://openalex.org/W2362071461","https://openalex.org/W2382474368","https://openalex.org/W2382771030","https://openalex.org/W2566350933","https://openalex.org/W2781427031","https://openalex.org/W3004165373","https://openalex.org/W3023422619","https://openalex.org/W3025974780","https://openalex.org/W3042292827","https://openalex.org/W3103730413","https://openalex.org/W3169977109","https://openalex.org/W3198120912","https://openalex.org/W3198933754","https://openalex.org/W7033668253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W2129841057","https://openalex.org/W3040712279","https://openalex.org/W2364769705","https://openalex.org/W4366990902","https://openalex.org/W4317732970","https://openalex.org/W4388550696","https://openalex.org/W4313289487","https://openalex.org/W4321636153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonintrusive":[0],"industrial":[1,29,63,82,104,123,167,265],"load":[2,12,30,64,83,88,124,168,180,209,266],"identification":[3,25,65,202,223,230,258],"can":[4,117,260],"accurately":[5],"acquire":[6],"the":[7,14,18,28,40,58,78,81,87,93,106,134,138,142,145,150,154,166,188,192,195,200,207,218,221,229,245,256,263],"operation":[8,246],"data":[9,45,120,136,181,190],"of":[10,20,27,80,103,109,137,182,199,220,241,252],"each":[11,122],"in":[13,42,153,191],"plant,":[15],"which":[16,235],"is":[17,31,52,96,111,225,232,236,248],"benefit":[19],"intelligent":[21],"power":[22,84],"management.":[23],"The":[24,177,213],"method":[26,66,148,210],"complicated":[32],"and":[33,48,72,90,149,194,197,244],"difficult":[34],"to":[35,39,99,113,125,160],"be":[36],"realized":[37],"due":[38],"difficulty":[41],"collecting":[43],"transient":[44],"for":[46,121],"modeling,":[47],"high-precision":[49],"measuring":[50],"equipment":[51],"required.":[53],"Aiming":[54],"at":[55],"this":[56],"situation,":[57],"article":[59],"proposes":[60],"a":[61,68,183],"nonintrusive":[62,264],"using":[67,133],"random":[69,155],"forest":[70,156],"algorithm":[71,152,157,203,224,259],"steady-state":[73,94,130,139],"waveform.":[74,131],"Firstly,":[75],"by":[76,172,206],"monitoring":[77],"change":[79],"state,":[85],"when":[86],"changes":[89],"becomes":[91],"stable,":[92],"waveform":[95,108,140],"extracted.":[97],"Due":[98],"different":[100,112],"electrical":[101],"characteristics":[102],"loads,":[105],"current":[107,129],"loads":[110],"some":[114],"extent.":[115],"We":[116],"construct":[118,126],"characteristic":[119],"its":[127],"own":[128],"Then,":[132],"high-dimensional":[135],"as":[141,187],"sample":[143,189],"data,":[144],"bootstrap":[146],"sampling":[147],"CART":[151],"are":[158,170,185,204],"used":[159,186],"generate":[161],"multiple":[162,174],"decision":[163,175],"trees.":[164,176],"Finally,":[165],"types":[169],"identified":[171],"voting":[173],"actual":[178],"operating":[179],"factory":[184],"simulation,":[193],"effectiveness":[196],"rapidity":[198],"proposed":[201,222,257],"verified":[205],"combined":[208],"simulation":[211,214],"comparison.":[212],"results":[215],"show":[216],"that":[217,240,251],"accuracy":[219],"more":[226],"than":[227,239,250],"99%,":[228],"time":[231,247],"3.36":[233],"s,":[234],"much":[237],"higher":[238],"other":[242,253],"methods,":[243],"less":[249],"methods.":[254],"Therefore,":[255],"effectively":[261],"realize":[262],"identification.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}