{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197133211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7567870","title":"An Improved CNN Architecture to Diagnose Skin Cancer in Dermoscopic Images Based on Wildebeest Herd Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"An Improved CNN Architecture to Diagnose Skin Cancer in Dermoscopic Images Based on Wildebeest Herd Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197133211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7567870","mag":"3197133211","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34497640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/7567870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7567870","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2021/7567870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2021/7567870","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109304537","display_name":"Biying Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133090473","display_name":"Weinan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00n2kc060","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133090473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biying Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133090473"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018798516","display_name":"Behdad Arandian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4984-7224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799282979","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Isfahan","ror":"https://ror.org/039zhhm92","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I2799282979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140966","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Dolatabad","ror":"https://ror.org/049g0t365","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210140966"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Behdad Arandian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Dolatabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4984-7224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Dolatabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799282979","https://openalex.org/I4210140966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018798516"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799282979","https://openalex.org/I4210140966"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":1.2229,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82537245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":"7567870","last_page":"7567870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11306","display_name":"Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies","score":0.9617000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6350597739219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildebeest","display_name":"Wildebeest","score":0.5900986194610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5776829123497009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.568227231502533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cancer","display_name":"Skin cancer","score":0.5562390089035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.489075243473053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.4652111828327179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.46225327253341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43774017691612244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42243483662605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33597332239151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16155675053596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.15362030267715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.07506009936332703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6350597739219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7609","display_name":"Wildebeest","level":3,"score":0.5900986194610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5776829123497009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.568227231502533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777789703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192102","display_name":"Skin cancer","level":3,"score":0.5562390089035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.489075243473053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4652111828327179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.46225327253341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43774017691612244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42243483662605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33597332239151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16155675053596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15362030267715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.07506009936332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780993040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46169","display_name":"National park","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000866","descriptor_name":"Antelopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000866","descriptor_name":"Antelopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000866","descriptor_name":"Antelopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000866","descriptor_name":"Antelopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000866","descriptor_name":"Antelopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/7567870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7567870","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2021/7567870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34497640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34497640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8419510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8419510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Intell Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a3424ea557c45cda4786a12a08fbb09","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a3424ea557c45cda4786a12a08fbb09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/7567870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7567870","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2021/7567870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197133211.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197133211.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W241806773","https://openalex.org/W1204615996","https://openalex.org/W2134379805","https://openalex.org/W2168081761","https://openalex.org/W2324628269","https://openalex.org/W2788686457","https://openalex.org/W2798167340","https://openalex.org/W2799903018","https://openalex.org/W2905052559","https://openalex.org/W2912586245","https://openalex.org/W2921363453","https://openalex.org/W2942448849","https://openalex.org/W2953747367","https://openalex.org/W2953890754","https://openalex.org/W2972588473","https://openalex.org/W2982453621","https://openalex.org/W2986622075","https://openalex.org/W2996490063","https://openalex.org/W3007040893","https://openalex.org/W3027389553","https://openalex.org/W3035333819","https://openalex.org/W3039553503","https://openalex.org/W3085674933","https://openalex.org/W3087000505","https://openalex.org/W3153655900","https://openalex.org/W4308347903","https://openalex.org/W6793954000"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111036721","https://openalex.org/W2071038639","https://openalex.org/W4247991606","https://openalex.org/W3131364604","https://openalex.org/W2064932461","https://openalex.org/W2590837097","https://openalex.org/W4388481120","https://openalex.org/W2529971831","https://openalex.org/W2159011029","https://openalex.org/W3185137224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Skin":[0],"cancer":[1,45,161],"is":[2,12,25,38,50,62,101,154],"one":[3],"of":[4,9,57,78,95,106,165],"the":[5,43,48,54,58,72,76,79,82,93,96,130,135,143,148,166,171,181,188,191,207,214,218,222],"most":[6],"common":[7],"types":[8],"cancers":[10],"that":[11,67,213],"sometimes":[13],"difficult":[14],"for":[15,29,92,129,141,187],"doctors":[16],"and":[17,31,109,180],"experts":[18,73],"to":[19,74,146,157,202],"diagnose.":[20],"The":[21,99,121,152],"noninvasive":[22],"dermatoscopic":[23],"method":[24,28,37,88,100,122,153,216],"a":[26,63,85,110],"popular":[27],"observing":[30],"diagnosing":[32],"skin":[33,44,97,160],"cancer.":[34,98],"Because":[35],"this":[36],"based":[39,103,169],"on":[40,104,170],"ocular":[41],"inference,":[42],"diagnosis":[46,94,193],"by":[47],"dermatologists":[49],"difficult,":[51],"especially":[52],"in":[53],"early":[55],"stages":[56],"disease.":[59],"Artificial":[60],"intelligence":[61],"proper":[64],"complementary":[65],"tool":[66],"can":[68],"be":[69],"used":[70],"alongside":[71],"increase":[75],"accuracy":[77],"diagnosis.":[80],"In":[81],"present":[83],"study,":[84],"new":[86],"computer-aided":[87],"has":[89,138,195,217],"been":[90,139,196],"introduced":[91,112],"designed":[102],"combination":[105],"deep":[107],"learning":[108],"newly":[111],"metaheuristic":[113],"algorithm,":[114],"namely,":[115],"Wildebeest":[116],"Herd":[117],"Optimization":[118],"(WHO)":[119],"Algorithm.":[120],"uses":[123],"an":[124,158],"Inception":[125],"convolutional":[126],"neural":[127],"network":[128],"initial":[131],"features'":[132],"extraction.":[133],"Afterward,":[134],"WHO":[136,173],"algorithm":[137],"employed":[140],"selecting":[142],"useful":[144],"features":[145],"decrease":[147],"analysis":[149],"time":[150],"complexity.":[151],"then":[155],"performed":[156],"ISIC-2008":[159],"dataset.":[162],"Final":[163,210],"results":[164,182,186,211,220],"feature":[167],"selection":[168],"proposed":[172,215],"are":[174],"compared":[175,197],"with":[176,198],"three":[177],"other":[178,200],"algorithms,":[179],"have":[183],"indicated":[184],"good":[185],"system.":[189],"Finally,":[190],"total":[192],"system":[194],"five":[199],"methods":[201],"indicate":[203],"its":[204],"effectiveness":[205],"against":[206],"studied":[208],"methods.":[209,224],"showed":[212],"best":[219],"than":[221],"comparative":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-30T07:30:35.949966","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}