{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158814463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7488025","title":"Efficient Segmentation of Lymphoblast in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia","display_name":"Efficient Segmentation of Lymphoblast in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158814463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7488025","mag":"3158814463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/7488025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7488025","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/7488025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/7488025.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082897098","display_name":"Syed Ijaz Ur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-6690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206573129","display_name":"Islamia College University","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2c1595","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206573129"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ijaz Ur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-6690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206573129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009921744","display_name":"Misbah Jadoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-9118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142599","display_name":"University of Swabi","ror":"https://ror.org/04ez8az68","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142599"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153791","display_name":"Women University Swabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00f98bm36","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153791"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Misbah Jadoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Women University Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Swabi 23430, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-9118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Women University Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Swabi 23430, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142599","https://openalex.org/I4387153791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026401762","display_name":"Sikandar Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-8615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sikandar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China","Department of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-8615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073312603","display_name":"Hizbullah Khattak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7847-5127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hizbullah Khattak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7847-5127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076273885","display_name":"Jiwei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-6703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiwei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China","Department of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-6703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026401762","https://openalex.org/A5076273885"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2000},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2000},"fwci":0.3634,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55085049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-marrow","display_name":"Bone marrow","score":0.7613785862922668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphoblast","display_name":"Lymphoblast","score":0.6331896781921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6248396039009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hsl-and-hsv","display_name":"HSL and HSV","score":0.5809848308563232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5753235816955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-blood","display_name":"Peripheral blood","score":0.508335530757904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leukemia","display_name":"Leukemia","score":0.48024824261665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.41439077258110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-smear","display_name":"Blood smear","score":0.41291433572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2617438733577728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.25634339451789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21282020211219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.12220498919487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780007613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546523","display_name":"Bone marrow","level":2,"score":0.7613785862922668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113842279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1873857","display_name":"Lymphoblast","level":3,"score":0.6331896781921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6248396039009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36372059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376492","display_name":"HSL and HSV","level":3,"score":0.5809848308563232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5753235816955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017910909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618363","display_name":"Peripheral blood","level":2,"score":0.508335530757904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778461978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29496","display_name":"Leukemia","level":2,"score":0.48024824261665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.41439077258110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017819844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886475","display_name":"Blood smear","level":3,"score":0.41291433572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2617438733577728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.25634339451789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21282020211219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12220498919487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/7488025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7488025","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/7488025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ca2bcdb70834b27bc12be89d79b91e3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ca2bcdb70834b27bc12be89d79b91e3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/7488025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7488025","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/7488025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1117766101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0303700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1792526756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0303700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G237829067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2462018YJRC040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2520351861","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0303700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3232405269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2462018YJRC040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3258305077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2462020YJRC001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G33342186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z201100006820082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4389196836","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z201100006820082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G446257232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2462020YJRC001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4577653457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5206230257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4202066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5655655212","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6173533295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4202066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6576537499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z201100006820082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7152309813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2462018YJRC040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7265731691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7459790018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2462020YJRC001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8089793515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4202066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158814463.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158814463.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155685019","https://openalex.org/W1159302035","https://openalex.org/W1535386177","https://openalex.org/W2003028871","https://openalex.org/W2011503872","https://openalex.org/W2020093041","https://openalex.org/W2020619173","https://openalex.org/W2021707668","https://openalex.org/W2032673367","https://openalex.org/W2043424639","https://openalex.org/W2129157852","https://openalex.org/W2229491714","https://openalex.org/W2410089773","https://openalex.org/W2540044850","https://openalex.org/W2593687058","https://openalex.org/W2598236886","https://openalex.org/W2763471831","https://openalex.org/W2768529727","https://openalex.org/W2791575870","https://openalex.org/W2895333097","https://openalex.org/W2898491665","https://openalex.org/W3111295039","https://openalex.org/W6606231175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073601989","https://openalex.org/W1497704670","https://openalex.org/W2042208882","https://openalex.org/W2079825156","https://openalex.org/W1590158237","https://openalex.org/W4315588960","https://openalex.org/W2192492260","https://openalex.org/W4388991404","https://openalex.org/W2397475566","https://openalex.org/W2101579428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microscopic":[0],"examination":[1],"of":[2,16,71,90,103,115,139,153,171,183],"peripheral":[3],"blood":[4,46,106],"smears":[5],"and":[6,47,76,78,113,176],"bone":[7,108,150,163],"marrow":[8,109,151,164],"is":[9,24,87,99,119],"the":[10,14,25,45,69,79,88,91,95,101,111,116,120,136,140,146,149,168,180],"preliminary":[11],"step":[12,98],"for":[13,37,68,110],"diagnosis":[15,36,70],"several":[17],"life-threatening":[18],"diseases.":[19],"Acute":[20],"lymphocytic":[21],"leukemia":[22],"(ALL)":[23],"most":[26,96,121],"common":[27],"disease":[28],"in":[29,44,55,63,93,105,148,179],"children":[30],"that":[31],"also":[32],"needs":[33],"an":[34],"early":[35],"on-time":[38],"treatment":[39],"as":[40],"it":[41],"spreads":[42],"rapidly":[43],"forms":[48],"immature":[49],"lymphocytes.":[50],"This":[51,124],"might":[52],"cause":[53],"death":[54],"some":[56],"weeks":[57],"if":[58],"left":[59],"untreated.":[60],"Manual":[61],"methods":[62],"clinical":[64],"laboratory":[65],"being":[66],"applied":[67,159],"these":[72],"diseases":[73,117],"are":[74,81],"inefficient":[75],"expensive,":[77],"results":[80],"less":[82],"accurate.":[83],"A":[84],"computer-aided":[85],"system":[86],"need":[89],"day":[92],"which":[94,118],"important":[97],"segmenting":[100],"region":[102],"interest":[104],"or":[107],"detection":[112],"cure":[114],"challenging":[122],"task.":[123],"study":[125],"aims":[126],"to":[127,144,160],"propose":[128],"a":[129],"simple":[130],"threshold-based":[131],"segmentation":[132],"technique":[133,157],"by":[134],"processing":[135],"S":[137],"component":[138],"HSV":[141],"color":[142],"space":[143],"segment":[145],"lymphoblasts":[147],"images":[152,165],"ALL":[154],"patients.":[155],"The":[156],"was":[158],"230":[161],"RGB":[162],"having":[166],"all":[167],"three":[169],"types":[170],"ALL,":[172],"i.e.,":[173],"L1,":[174],"L2,":[175],"L3":[177],"resulted":[178],"overall":[181],"accuracy":[182],"96.8%.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}