{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201577847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7181221","title":"Target Recognition of Synthetic Aperture Radar Images by Updated Classifiers","display_name":"Target Recognition of Synthetic Aperture Radar Images by Updated Classifiers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201577847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7181221","mag":"3201577847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/7181221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7181221","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/7181221.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/7181221.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379867","display_name":"Jingyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6393-018X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6393-018X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017813574","display_name":"Cungen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7961-865X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cungen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100379867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":1.0949,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89783421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7907770872116089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7524940371513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-acquisition","display_name":"Target acquisition","score":0.7498867511749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7188494205474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.664499044418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6257219910621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6160961389541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-subspace-method","display_name":"Random subspace method","score":0.6062608361244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.575898289680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5252042412757874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4791668951511383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4334165155887604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33851221203804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3221862316131592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7907770872116089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7524940371513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779726219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7685884","display_name":"Target acquisition","level":2,"score":0.7498867511749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7188494205474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.664499044418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6257219910621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6160961389541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.6062608361244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.575898289680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5252042412757874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4791668951511383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4334165155887604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33851221203804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3221862316131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/7181221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7181221","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/7181221.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:11bb7afb8fa24d279840ee461d9713ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/11bb7afb8fa24d279840ee461d9713ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/7181221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7181221","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/7181221.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201577847.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201577847.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W322998299","https://openalex.org/W1998943499","https://openalex.org/W2013203016","https://openalex.org/W2052172955","https://openalex.org/W2064064007","https://openalex.org/W2066737116","https://openalex.org/W2075589663","https://openalex.org/W2111525901","https://openalex.org/W2124014399","https://openalex.org/W2124648367","https://openalex.org/W2127970731","https://openalex.org/W2130213634","https://openalex.org/W2146585503","https://openalex.org/W2149918662","https://openalex.org/W2150169086","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2269648248","https://openalex.org/W2281856034","https://openalex.org/W2292481059","https://openalex.org/W2410591237","https://openalex.org/W2433029016","https://openalex.org/W2520537062","https://openalex.org/W2521772843","https://openalex.org/W2534070885","https://openalex.org/W2578577414","https://openalex.org/W2588453093","https://openalex.org/W2596473454","https://openalex.org/W2730249686","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2790999052","https://openalex.org/W2791618105","https://openalex.org/W2797425815","https://openalex.org/W2804451427","https://openalex.org/W2883881598","https://openalex.org/W2886347302","https://openalex.org/W2891190453","https://openalex.org/W2891609780","https://openalex.org/W2902518005","https://openalex.org/W2916506572","https://openalex.org/W2923249467","https://openalex.org/W2937279530","https://openalex.org/W2948594896","https://openalex.org/W2972928812","https://openalex.org/W3008298778","https://openalex.org/W3164399017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137365474","https://openalex.org/W2784759481","https://openalex.org/W3038591045","https://openalex.org/W2106749053","https://openalex.org/W2053024573","https://openalex.org/W3130755980","https://openalex.org/W2540523933","https://openalex.org/W4380446815","https://openalex.org/W2773828237","https://openalex.org/W4386323663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"the":[1,49,52,67,73,83,87,105,119,124],"problem":[2],"of":[3,51,86,123],"reliable":[4,94],"decision":[5,54],"in":[6],"synthetic":[7],"aperture":[8],"radar":[9],"(SAR)":[10],"target":[11,41,109],"recognition,":[12],"a":[13,92],"method":[14,98],"based":[15,103],"on":[16,104],"updated":[17,76],"classifiers":[18,35,77,89],"is":[19,55,99],"proposed.":[20],"The":[21,43,57,75,96,115],"convolutional":[22],"neural":[23],"network":[24],"(CNN)":[25],"and":[26,48,82,101,107,111,121],"support":[27],"vector":[28],"machine":[29],"(SVM)":[30],"are":[31,46,64],"used":[32],"as":[33],"basic":[34],"to":[36,66,71],"classify":[37],"samples":[38,60,70],"with":[39,61],"unknown":[40],"labels.":[42],"two":[44,88],"decisions":[45],"fused":[47,53,84],"reliability":[50],"evaluated.":[56],"classified":[58],"test":[59],"high":[62],"reliabilities":[63],"added":[65],"original":[68],"training":[69],"update":[72],"classifiers.":[74],"have":[78],"stronger":[79],"classification":[80],"abilities":[81],"result":[85],"can":[90],"obtain":[91],"more":[93],"decision.":[95],"proposed":[97,125],"tested":[100],"verified":[102],"moving":[106],"stationary":[108],"acquisition":[110],"recognition":[112],"(MSTAR)":[113],"dataset.":[114],"experimental":[116],"results":[117],"verify":[118],"effectiveness":[120],"robustness":[122],"method.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}