{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201204165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6981719","title":"Spectrum Handoff Aware AODV Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks","display_name":"Spectrum Handoff Aware AODV Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201204165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6981719","mag":"3201204165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6981719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6981719","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/6981719.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/6981719.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003553446","display_name":"Abdur Rashid Sangi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-6996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131342","display_name":"Yibin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w8m2977","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdur Rashid Sangi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-6996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041388008","display_name":"Mohammed Saeed Alkatheiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-8375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed S Alkatheiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybersecurity, College of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybersecurity, College of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006575008","display_name":"Satish Anamalamudi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0042-2177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satish Anamalamudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112145452","display_name":"Mohammed Alqarni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A. Alqarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051517648","display_name":"Muhammad Hammad Memon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8680-1831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131342","display_name":"Yibin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w8m2977","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Hammad Memon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101866598","display_name":"Wanan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7887-6676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131342","display_name":"Yibin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w8m2977","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003553446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.3204,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61882036,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.8651093244552612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7507685422897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.45376861095428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ad-hoc-on-demand-distance-vector-routing","display_name":"Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing","score":0.44803616404533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimized-link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","score":0.42529261112213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.4197938144207001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.34329402446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.13009285926818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09931841492652893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.8651093244552612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7507685422897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.45376861095428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104503742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345335","display_name":"Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing","level":5,"score":0.44803616404533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.42529261112213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.4197938144207001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.34329402446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.13009285926818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09931841492652893}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6981719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6981719","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/6981719.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:6981719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/6981719.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c9489086c17f4f4bb7f4579927accdc7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c9489086c17f4f4bb7f4579927accdc7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6981719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6981719","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/6981719.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201204165.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201204165.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601490018","https://openalex.org/W1841710787","https://openalex.org/W1970142690","https://openalex.org/W1971614180","https://openalex.org/W2002725369","https://openalex.org/W2005100248","https://openalex.org/W2012709271","https://openalex.org/W2024903158","https://openalex.org/W2035321044","https://openalex.org/W2050219709","https://openalex.org/W2060640987","https://openalex.org/W2073772422","https://openalex.org/W2089321851","https://openalex.org/W2091087286","https://openalex.org/W2093853269","https://openalex.org/W2120741348","https://openalex.org/W2133858407","https://openalex.org/W2165293454","https://openalex.org/W2167755092","https://openalex.org/W2179997076","https://openalex.org/W2236085973","https://openalex.org/W2501683848","https://openalex.org/W2516660526","https://openalex.org/W2610471112","https://openalex.org/W2751496005","https://openalex.org/W2756428024","https://openalex.org/W2792823390","https://openalex.org/W2802507603","https://openalex.org/W2916303473","https://openalex.org/W2917110793","https://openalex.org/W2939132707","https://openalex.org/W2981821572","https://openalex.org/W3035425970","https://openalex.org/W3048787335","https://openalex.org/W3133348410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2498610847","https://openalex.org/W2995307897","https://openalex.org/W4381803840","https://openalex.org/W2092866584","https://openalex.org/W2107809065","https://openalex.org/W2617010542","https://openalex.org/W2383797298","https://openalex.org/W1544340523","https://openalex.org/W1966866667","https://openalex.org/W2392962406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"End\u2010to\u2010end":[0],"application":[1],"performance":[2,31,87,149],"and":[3,47,58,133],"throughput":[4],"of":[5,32,60,69,88,109,119,150],"vehicular":[6,33,152],"cognitive":[7,34,73,89,110,153,162,173],"transport":[8],"control":[9,107],"protocol":[10,36,91,96,113,155,165],"depend":[11],"on":[12,84],"how":[13],"efficiently":[14],"the":[15,30,40,45,56,86,98,103,117,126,137,147,151,157,171],"segments":[16],"(TCP":[17],"header)":[18],"are":[19,114],"being":[20],"transmitted":[21],"from":[22],"source":[23,46,57],"to":[24,28,124,135,170],"destination.":[25,48],"One":[26],"way":[27],"enhance":[29],"TCP":[35,90,154,174],"is":[37,166],"by":[38],"reducing":[39],"packet":[41,51,141],"drops":[42,52],"in":[43,54],"between":[44,55],"In":[49,79,102],"general,":[50],"occur":[53],"destination":[59],"Cognitive":[61],"Radio":[62],"Vehicular":[63],"Ad":[64],"Hoc":[65],"Network":[66],"(CR\u2010VANET)":[67],"because":[68],"spectrum":[70,99,120,139,159],"handoff":[71,100,121,140,160],"or":[72,76],"node":[74],"handoff,":[75],"network":[77],"congestion.":[78],"this":[80],"paper,":[81],"we":[82],"focus":[83],"enhancing":[85],"through":[92],"\u201ccognitive":[93],"AODV":[94,111,163],"routing":[95,112,164],"with":[97,116,156],"mechanism.\u201d":[101],"proposed":[104,158],"work,":[105],"channel\u2010route":[106],"messages":[108],"updated":[115],"support":[118],"which":[122],"helps":[123,134],"provide":[125],"backup":[127],"opportunistic":[128],"channel":[129],"during":[130],"PU":[131],"active":[132],"reduce":[136],"end\u2010to\u2010end":[138],"drops.":[142],"Simulation":[143],"results":[144],"reveal":[145],"that":[146],"overall":[148],"aware":[161],"enhanced":[167],"as":[168],"compared":[169],"existing":[172],"protocol.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}