{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3155542537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6682385","title":"Pseudotext Injection and Advance Filtering of Low\u2010Resource Corpus for Neural Machine Translation","display_name":"Pseudotext Injection and Advance Filtering of Low\u2010Resource Corpus for Neural Machine Translation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3155542537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6682385","mag":"3155542537","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33936190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6682385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6682385","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/6682385.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/6682385.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078043240","display_name":"Michael Adjeisah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4426-6137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Adjeisah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4426-6137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380138","display_name":"Guohua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-9473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guohua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-9473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079247289","display_name":"Douglas Omwenga Nyabuga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Omwenga Nyabuga","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-9162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088341761","display_name":"Richard Nuetey Nortey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-9515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Nuetey Nortey","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-9515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048507725","display_name":"Jinling Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-4681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48381559","display_name":"Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05g1mag11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48381559"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinling Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Information Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-4681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Information Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48381559"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078043240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":1.3991,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84661852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":"6682385","last_page":"6682385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7132121920585632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7005534172058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6578370928764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.5552974343299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5281234383583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.42577916383743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36490288376808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3435419499874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.10409638285636902}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7132121920585632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7005534172058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6578370928764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.5552974343299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5281234383583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.42577916383743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36490288376808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3435419499874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10409638285636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014175","descriptor_name":"Translating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014175","descriptor_name":"Translating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014175","descriptor_name":"Translating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014177","descriptor_name":"Translations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014177","descriptor_name":"Translations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014177","descriptor_name":"Translations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6682385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6682385","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/6682385.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33936190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33936190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6cf913e8a6cf4f5e8712e613a73135d6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6cf913e8a6cf4f5e8712e613a73135d6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8055430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8055430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Intell Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6682385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6682385","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/6682385.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321948","display_name":"Hebei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/004rbbw49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3155542537.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3155542537.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976115394","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2111721651","https://openalex.org/W2122270629","https://openalex.org/W2294556942","https://openalex.org/W2330486491","https://openalex.org/W2561274697","https://openalex.org/W2886095922","https://openalex.org/W2887516053","https://openalex.org/W2889326796","https://openalex.org/W2903182367","https://openalex.org/W2949303037","https://openalex.org/W2963109507","https://openalex.org/W2963206679","https://openalex.org/W2963212250","https://openalex.org/W2963216553","https://openalex.org/W2963366389","https://openalex.org/W2963443683","https://openalex.org/W2963506925","https://openalex.org/W2963569817","https://openalex.org/W2986030184","https://openalex.org/W3169056399"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011059803","https://openalex.org/W2775554247","https://openalex.org/W2883671469","https://openalex.org/W2728761353","https://openalex.org/W2110168585","https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2250213760","https://openalex.org/W4386247111","https://openalex.org/W4327642362","https://openalex.org/W2587014613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scaling":[0],"natural":[1],"language":[2,71,93,164],"processing":[3],"(NLP)":[4],"to":[5,8,19,36,75],"low-resourced":[6],"languages":[7],"improve":[9,64],"machine":[10],"translation":[11,26],"(MT)":[12],"performance":[13,67],"remains":[14],"enigmatic.":[15],"This":[16],"research":[17],"contributes":[18],"the":[20,51,55,60,65,77,91,157,171,176],"domain":[21],"on":[22,28,95,106,135,170],"a":[23,41,87,114,136],"low-resource":[24,47,70,163],"English-Twi":[25],"based":[27,94],"filtered":[29],"synthetic-parallel":[30,82],"corpora.":[31],"It":[32],"is":[33,54],"often":[34],"perplexing":[35],"learn":[37],"and":[38,148,186],"understand":[39],"what":[40],"good-quality":[42],"corpus":[43,53,83,89,142,147],"looks":[44],"like":[45],"in":[46,68,184],"conditions,":[48],"mainly":[49],"where":[50],"target":[52,92],"only":[56],"sample":[57],"text":[58],"of":[59,139],"parallel":[61,141],"language.":[62],"To":[63],"MT":[66,160],"such":[69],"pairs,":[72],"we":[73,102,122],"propose":[74],"expand":[76],"training":[78],"data":[79],"by":[80,85],"injecting":[81,145],"obtained":[84],"translating":[86],"monolingual":[88],"from":[90],"bootstrapping":[96],"with":[97,151,167],"different":[98,126],"parameter":[99],"settings.":[100],"Furthermore,":[101],"performed":[103],"unsupervised":[104],"measurements":[105],"each":[107],"sentence":[108,119],"pair":[109],"engaging":[110],"squared":[111],"Mahalanobis":[112],"distances,":[113],"filtering":[115,150],"technique":[116],"that":[117,144],"predicts":[118],"parallelism.":[120],"Additionally,":[121],"extensively":[123],"use":[124],"three":[125],"sentence-level":[127,152],"similarity":[128,153],"metrics":[129,154],"after":[130],"round-trip":[131],"translation.":[132],"Experimental":[133],"results":[134],"diverse":[137],"amount":[138],"available":[140],"demonstrate":[143],"pseudoparallel":[146],"extensive":[149],"significantly":[155],"improves":[156],"original":[158,173],"out-of-the-box":[159],"systems":[161],"for":[162],"pairs.":[165],"Compared":[166],"existing":[168],"improvements":[169],"same":[172,177],"framework":[174],"under":[175],"structure,":[178],"our":[179],"approach":[180],"exhibits":[181],"tremendous":[182],"developments":[183],"BLEU":[185],"TER":[187],"scores.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
