{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3129462146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6662769","title":"A Novel Sensor for In Situ Detection of Freeze\u2010Thaw Characteristics in Plants from Stem Temperature and Water Content Measurements","display_name":"A Novel Sensor for In Situ Detection of Freeze\u2010Thaw Characteristics in Plants from Stem Temperature and Water Content Measurements","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3129462146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6662769","mag":"3129462146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6662769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6662769","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/6662769.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/6662769.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078941988","display_name":"Chao Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-2826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179026463","display_name":"Beijing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/013e0zm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-2826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046041901","display_name":"Hao Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0477-687X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179026463","display_name":"Beijing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/013e0zm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0477-687X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030032799","display_name":"Yandong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-2034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145478","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04bpn6s66","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145478"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yandong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing 100083, China","School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145478"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046041901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.1206,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45354191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-situ","display_name":"In situ","score":0.6776835918426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.5149827599525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4266558587551117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.42354488372802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3913021385669708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.38715052604675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.3444294333457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.23503482341766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17117291688919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.11151006817817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08741432428359985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777822432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216681","display_name":"In situ","level":2,"score":0.6776835918426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.5149827599525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4266558587551117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.42354488372802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3913021385669708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.38715052604675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3444294333457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.23503482341766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17117291688919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11151006817817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08741432428359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6662769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6662769","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/6662769.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a3e8629eb536498f88137d13f9d930a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a3e8629eb536498f88137d13f9d930a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6662769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6662769","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/6662769.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G163821271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFD0600901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1863020082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6214034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2776158801","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z161100000916012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6037211207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z161100000916012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8058508001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFD0600901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3129462146.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3129462146.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516101273","https://openalex.org/W1540265439","https://openalex.org/W1554875108","https://openalex.org/W1846616506","https://openalex.org/W1970190433","https://openalex.org/W1970603229","https://openalex.org/W1971248503","https://openalex.org/W1972464873","https://openalex.org/W1982591126","https://openalex.org/W1983889305","https://openalex.org/W1994433859","https://openalex.org/W2000691316","https://openalex.org/W2007866932","https://openalex.org/W2034102962","https://openalex.org/W2041043428","https://openalex.org/W2043803614","https://openalex.org/W2047085962","https://openalex.org/W2050127920","https://openalex.org/W2073743112","https://openalex.org/W2082123301","https://openalex.org/W2082279586","https://openalex.org/W2089445413","https://openalex.org/W2090253126","https://openalex.org/W2093581706","https://openalex.org/W2094805175","https://openalex.org/W2103816316","https://openalex.org/W2112947358","https://openalex.org/W2124402764","https://openalex.org/W2148731845","https://openalex.org/W2154528924","https://openalex.org/W2154614604","https://openalex.org/W2173480515","https://openalex.org/W2924808973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250539519","https://openalex.org/W4294018197","https://openalex.org/W2335669366","https://openalex.org/W2582639636","https://openalex.org/W4362710790","https://openalex.org/W2071845691","https://openalex.org/W4233433299","https://openalex.org/W1969285554","https://openalex.org/W2334792489","https://openalex.org/W1885452192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Freezing":[0],"is":[1,104,130,209],"a":[2,41,150],"typical":[3],"abiotic":[4],"stress":[5],"on":[6,54,69,86,166],"plants,":[7],"which":[8,219],"can":[9,202],"induce":[10],"physiological":[11],"damages":[12],"of":[13,18,48,63,79,94,100,112,126,138,158,198,216],"plants.":[14],"A":[15],"better":[16],"understanding":[17],"plant":[19,29,159,199,217],"freeze\u2010thaw":[20,49,156,172,196,207,225],"characteristics":[21,50,157],"contributes":[22],"to":[23,193,212],"solving":[24],"some":[25,171],"hot":[26],"issues":[27],"in":[28,45,51,223],"physiology,":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32],"cold":[33,36],"resistance":[34],"and":[35,57,73,90,110,118,136,146,163,186,191],"acclimation.":[37],"This":[38],"article":[39],"presents":[40],"novel":[42],"sensor":[43,103,129],"for":[44,153],"situ":[46],"detection":[47],"plants":[52],"based":[53,68,85,165],"stem":[55,64,80,95,160,175,218],"temperature":[56,65,98,113],"water":[58,81,123,140,176],"content.":[59],"The":[60,76,97,108,121,134],"measuring":[61,77],"circuit":[62,78],"was":[66,83,161],"designed":[67,84],"constant":[70],"current":[71],"source":[72],"platinum":[74],"resistance.":[75],"content":[82,124,141],"standing":[87],"wave":[88],"ratio":[89],"the":[91,101,127,155,167,195,206,213,224],"dielectric":[92],"properties":[93,215],"tissue.":[96],"resolution":[99,125],"compound":[102,128,168],"less":[105,131],"than":[106,132],"0.1\u00b0C.":[107],"MAE":[109,135],"RMSE":[111,137],"measurement":[114,142],"are":[115,143],"approximately":[116,144],"0.57\u00b0C":[117],"0.65\u00b0C,":[119],"respectively.":[120,148],"volumetric":[122,139],"0.05%.":[133],"1.59%":[145],"1.81%,":[147],"Moreover,":[149],"mathematical":[151],"model":[152],"describing":[154],"established":[162],"solved":[164,190],"sensor.":[169],"Then,":[170],"indicators":[173],"including":[174],"content,":[177,179],"ice":[178],"freezing":[180,182],"depth,":[181,185],"velocity,":[183],"thawing":[184,187],"velocity":[188,208],"were":[189],"used":[192],"interpret":[194],"rules":[197],"stem.":[200],"It":[201],"be":[203],"concluded":[204],"that":[205],"closely":[210],"related":[211],"physicochemical":[214],"also":[220],"change":[221],"dynamically":[222],"cycle.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}