{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137828950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6647425","title":"Modeling the Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Coupled with Fear Epidemics","display_name":"Modeling the Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Coupled with Fear Epidemics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137828950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6647425","mag":"3137828950","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33777169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6647425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6647425","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2021/6647425.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2021/6647425.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085362587","display_name":"Saul C. Mpeshe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-1668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133744","display_name":"Iringa Mercy Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/041g4k048","country_code":"TZ","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133744"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saul C. Mpeshe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Iringa, P.O. Box 200, Iringa, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-1668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Iringa, P.O. Box 200, Iringa, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133744"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056134747","display_name":"Nkuba Nyerere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-9259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84641585","display_name":"Sokoine University of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/00jdryp44","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nkuba Nyerere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Mathematics, Informatics and Computational Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3000, Morogoro, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-9259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Mathematics, Informatics and Computational Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3000, Morogoro, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085362587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133744"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":1.369,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79997942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11711","display_name":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","score":0.9581999778747559,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.8443182706832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.6802551746368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus","display_name":"Coronavirus","score":0.6741459965705872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2019-20-coronavirus-outbreak","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","score":0.5705734491348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","score":0.5675155520439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.45113497972488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.44921305775642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betacoronavirus","display_name":"Betacoronavirus","score":0.4190335273742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3083118796348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak","display_name":"Outbreak","score":0.3081487715244293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score":0.2517734169960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.07966750860214233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.8443182706832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6802551746368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738","display_name":"Coronavirus","level":5,"score":0.6741459965705872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.5705734491348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.5675155520439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.45113497972488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.44921305775642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16532287","display_name":"Betacoronavirus","level":5,"score":0.4190335273742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3083118796348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.3081487715244293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.2517734169960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07966750860214233}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005239","descriptor_name":"Fear","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005239","descriptor_name":"Fear","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005239","descriptor_name":"Fear","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017053","descriptor_name":"Infection Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017053","descriptor_name":"Infection Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017053","descriptor_name":"Infection Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050936","descriptor_name":"Basic Reproduction Number","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050936","descriptor_name":"Basic Reproduction Number","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050936","descriptor_name":"Basic Reproduction Number","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058872","descriptor_name":"Epidemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058872","descriptor_name":"Epidemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058872","descriptor_name":"Epidemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6647425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6647425","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2021/6647425.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33777169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33777169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and mathematical methods in medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:613f7a69d34c4a528d715f2fa9198918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/613f7a69d34c4a528d715f2fa9198918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7981183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7981183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Math Methods Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6647425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6647425","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2021/6647425.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137828950.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137828950.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85609699","https://openalex.org/W1965330300","https://openalex.org/W2112680994","https://openalex.org/W2503208974","https://openalex.org/W2995556447","https://openalex.org/W3007047180","https://openalex.org/W3009351032","https://openalex.org/W3011285623","https://openalex.org/W3011427855","https://openalex.org/W3011771926","https://openalex.org/W3013649595","https://openalex.org/W3017843887","https://openalex.org/W3018422079","https://openalex.org/W3018782651","https://openalex.org/W3019674250","https://openalex.org/W3019991502","https://openalex.org/W3020001547","https://openalex.org/W3033944152","https://openalex.org/W3036396565","https://openalex.org/W3036726664","https://openalex.org/W3041852941","https://openalex.org/W3048514180","https://openalex.org/W3090982827","https://openalex.org/W3105807039","https://openalex.org/W3123259284","https://openalex.org/W3126003079","https://openalex.org/W4249481540","https://openalex.org/W4387441162","https://openalex.org/W6775531474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3009669391","https://openalex.org/W3127156785","https://openalex.org/W3005417802","https://openalex.org/W3043486364","https://openalex.org/W3095730491","https://openalex.org/W4220712676","https://openalex.org/W4290085574","https://openalex.org/W3080407960","https://openalex.org/W3006642361","https://openalex.org/W4280491013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"modeling":[1],"approach":[2],"to":[3,69,82,101],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,40,46,65,72,86,95,105,119,123],"dynamics":[6],"of":[7,42,97,107,116,122],"COVID-19":[8],"epidemics":[9],"coupled":[10,62],"with":[11,63],"fear":[12,90],"is":[13,34,59,67],"presented":[14],"in":[15,38,71,94,104,118],"this":[16],"paper.":[17],"The":[18],"basic":[19],"reproduction":[20],"number":[21,96,106],"<a:math":[22],"xmlns:a=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[23],"id=\"M1\">":[24],"<a:msub>":[25],"<a:mrow>":[26,29],"<a:mi>R</a:mi>":[27],"</a:mrow>":[28,31],"<a:mn>0</a:mn>":[30],"</a:msub>":[32],"</a:math>":[33],"computed":[35],"and":[36,45,76,109],"employed":[37],"analysing":[39],"effect":[41],"initial":[43],"transmission":[44],"conditions":[47],"for":[48],"disease":[49,66],"control":[50],"or":[51],"eradication.":[52],"Numerical":[53],"simulations":[54],"show":[55],"that":[56],"whenever":[57],"there":[58],"an":[60],"outbreak":[61],"fear,":[64],"likely":[68],"persist":[70],"first":[73],"two":[74],"months,":[75],"after":[77],"that,":[78],"it":[79],"will":[80],"start":[81],"slow":[83],"down":[84],"as":[85],"recovery":[87],"rate":[88],"from":[89],"increases.":[91],"An":[92],"increase":[93],"recovered":[98],"individuals":[99],"lead":[100],"a":[102,113],"rise":[103],"susceptibles":[108],"consequently":[110],"set":[111],"off":[112],"second":[114],"wave":[115],"infection":[117],"third":[120],"month":[121],"epidemic.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}