{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131016652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6645778","title":"An Adaptive Parallel Method for Indexing Transportation Moving Objects","display_name":"An Adaptive Parallel Method for Indexing Transportation Moving Objects","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131016652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6645778","mag":"3131016652"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6645778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6645778","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/6645778.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/6645778.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083344357","display_name":"Kunlun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1934-0940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun-lun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science & Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054016390","display_name":"Chuanwen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-1296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuan-wen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science & Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019393455","display_name":"Lu Guang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9764-3798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science & Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103101264","display_name":"Jiaquan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6534-2210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-quan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science & Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378804","display_name":"Tong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8268-2214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science & Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","State Grid Dalian Electric Power Supply Company, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Dalian Electric Power Supply Company, Dalian, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054016390"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.1543,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40124406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.864517092704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.8642693758010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7960883378982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6663534641265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5603041052818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5080251693725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.48772701621055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4286873936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4282427430152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.4226619601249695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.41508546471595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38890767097473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.3647499680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3239051401615143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18861672282218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.09024763107299805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.864517092704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.8642693758010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7960883378982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6663534641265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5603041052818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5080251693725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.48772701621055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4286873936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4282427430152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.4226619601249695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41508546471595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38890767097473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.3647499680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3239051401615143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18861672282218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.09024763107299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6645778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6645778","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/6645778.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:6645778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/6645778.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a499089a990642f5a083c132704eba97","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a499089a990642f5a083c132704eba97","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6645778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6645778","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/6645778.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5267763126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131016652.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131016652.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119601528","https://openalex.org/W1518948733","https://openalex.org/W1895366714","https://openalex.org/W1925746542","https://openalex.org/W1972614802","https://openalex.org/W1979602325","https://openalex.org/W1995471038","https://openalex.org/W2021488422","https://openalex.org/W2024993655","https://openalex.org/W2088920665","https://openalex.org/W2101429492","https://openalex.org/W2105672886","https://openalex.org/W2119368079","https://openalex.org/W2154766327","https://openalex.org/W2165988091","https://openalex.org/W2475659456","https://openalex.org/W2514632882","https://openalex.org/W6677991595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135248929","https://openalex.org/W2092690310","https://openalex.org/W1493624592","https://openalex.org/W3190662310","https://openalex.org/W2794767707","https://openalex.org/W1507878993","https://openalex.org/W2798440551","https://openalex.org/W2888459714","https://openalex.org/W841163430","https://openalex.org/W2145355078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transportation":[0],"cyber\u2010physical":[1],"systems":[2],"are":[3],"constrained":[4],"by":[5,104,108],"spatiality":[6],"and":[7,40,67,163],"real\u2010time":[8],"because":[9],"of":[10,14,44,100,127,136,149,182],"their":[11],"high":[12],"level":[13],"heterogeneity.":[15],"Therefore,":[16],"applications":[17],"like":[18],"traffic":[19],"control":[20],"generally":[21],"manage":[22],"moving":[23,45,128,183],"objects":[24,129],"in":[25],"a":[26,50,56,70],"single\u2010machine":[27],"multithreaded":[28],"manner,":[29],"whereas":[30],"suffering":[31],"from":[32],"frequent":[33],"locking":[34,105],"operations.":[35],"To":[36],"address":[37],"this":[38,83],"problem":[39],"improve":[41],"the":[42,80,95,125,143,168,179],"throughput":[43,162],"object":[46,65,109],"databases,":[47],"we":[48],"propose":[49],"GPU\u2010accelerated":[51],"indexing":[52,170],"method,":[53],"based":[54],"on":[55,79,142,152],"grid":[57],"data":[58,110],"structure,":[59],"combined":[60],"with":[61,94,139],"quad\u2010trees.":[62],"We":[63],"count":[64],"movements":[66],"decide":[68],"whether":[69],"particular":[71],"node":[72],"should":[73],"be":[74,77,88,113],"split":[75],"or":[76,146],"merged":[78],"GPU.":[81],"In":[82],"case,":[84],"bottlenecked":[85],"nodes":[86],"can":[87,112],"translated":[89],"to":[90,122],"quad\u2010tree":[91],"without":[92],"interfering":[93],"CPU.":[96],"Hence,":[97],"waiting":[98],"time":[99,166],"other":[101],"threads":[102],"caused":[103],"operations":[106],"raised":[107],"updating":[111],"reduced.":[114],"The":[115,172],"method":[116,159],"is":[117,130,174],"simple":[118],"while":[119],"more":[120,176],"adaptive":[121],"scenarios":[123],"where":[124],"distribution":[126,181],"skewed.":[131],"It":[132],"also":[133],"avoids":[134],"shortcomings":[135],"existing":[137,169],"methods":[138],"performance":[140],"bottleneck":[141],"hot":[144],"area":[145],"spending":[147],"plenty":[148],"calculation":[150],"resources":[151],"structure":[153],"balancing.":[154],"Experiments":[155],"suggest":[156],"that":[157],"our":[158],"shows":[160],"higher":[161],"lower":[164],"response":[165],"than":[167],"methods.":[171],"advantage":[173],"even":[175],"significant":[177],"under":[178],"skewed":[180],"objects.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}