{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3185785190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6636665","title":"A Survey of User Authentication Based on Channel State Information","display_name":"A Survey of User Authentication Based on Channel State Information","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3185785190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6636665","mag":"3185785190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6636665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6636665","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/6636665.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/6636665.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058550256","display_name":"Zhengjie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-3026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-3026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055992752","display_name":"Wenwen Dou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0319-9484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenwen Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005462613","display_name":"Mingjing Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5392-3672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjing Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5392-3672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038918597","display_name":"Xiaoxue Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-8752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxue Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-8752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101283230","display_name":"Zehua Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehua Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100691057","display_name":"Chengming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4920-9481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052177862","display_name":"Yinjing Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yinjing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2774-7879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392734","display_name":"Da Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2508-5461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052177862","https://openalex.org/A5058550256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":2.4698,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89987275,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8915583491325378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5192235112190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.47771406173706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4759516417980194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4268268942832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3574450612068176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.33165794610977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.29574131965637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.06282570958137512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8915583491325378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5192235112190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.47771406173706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4759516417980194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4268268942832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3574450612068176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33165794610977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.29574131965637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.06282570958137512}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6636665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6636665","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/6636665.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ecf60c67204542f292d418a5d394f035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ecf60c67204542f292d418a5d394f035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6636665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6636665","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/6636665.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1477061226","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327834","funder_display_name":"Tai'shan Scholar Engineering Construction Fund of Shandong Province of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2480436462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018GHY115022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","funder_display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8853431565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019KJN020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311026","funder_display_name":"Shandong University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311026","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327834","display_name":"Tai'shan Scholar Engineering Construction Fund of Shandong Province of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3185785190.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3185785190.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546412607","https://openalex.org/W1941817920","https://openalex.org/W1970398760","https://openalex.org/W1982692217","https://openalex.org/W1989115430","https://openalex.org/W2010882865","https://openalex.org/W2031751002","https://openalex.org/W2050304483","https://openalex.org/W2064081294","https://openalex.org/W2073828842","https://openalex.org/W2113281041","https://openalex.org/W2128190945","https://openalex.org/W2322989609","https://openalex.org/W2472986878","https://openalex.org/W2502981632","https://openalex.org/W2508345357","https://openalex.org/W2510977315","https://openalex.org/W2517331439","https://openalex.org/W2522247037","https://openalex.org/W2554581053","https://openalex.org/W2563276102","https://openalex.org/W2608786331","https://openalex.org/W2623712993","https://openalex.org/W2718817472","https://openalex.org/W2730754615","https://openalex.org/W2734730826","https://openalex.org/W2737253649","https://openalex.org/W2742686197","https://openalex.org/W2765186128","https://openalex.org/W2768197281","https://openalex.org/W2772973030","https://openalex.org/W2782108452","https://openalex.org/W2783857023","https://openalex.org/W2788518751","https://openalex.org/W2791862000","https://openalex.org/W2793636516","https://openalex.org/W2794264461","https://openalex.org/W2794670177","https://openalex.org/W2805501431","https://openalex.org/W2808133296","https://openalex.org/W2811272561","https://openalex.org/W2812001514","https://openalex.org/W2863354527","https://openalex.org/W2889692286","https://openalex.org/W2896349305","https://openalex.org/W2898432033","https://openalex.org/W2899145720","https://openalex.org/W2902804294","https://openalex.org/W2904466735","https://openalex.org/W2904648711","https://openalex.org/W2905089060","https://openalex.org/W2907300063","https://openalex.org/W2910620304","https://openalex.org/W2927133259","https://openalex.org/W2933746474","https://openalex.org/W2939735082","https://openalex.org/W2946644681","https://openalex.org/W2948212865","https://openalex.org/W2950709924","https://openalex.org/W2952582779","https://openalex.org/W2962319395","https://openalex.org/W2963218601","https://openalex.org/W2964326329","https://openalex.org/W2965527175","https://openalex.org/W2966043835","https://openalex.org/W2967757528","https://openalex.org/W2968303571","https://openalex.org/W2969645632","https://openalex.org/W2976832373","https://openalex.org/W2979411809","https://openalex.org/W2980021985","https://openalex.org/W2980714463","https://openalex.org/W2981892815","https://openalex.org/W2989059099","https://openalex.org/W2989734045","https://openalex.org/W2989978381","https://openalex.org/W3008807171","https://openalex.org/W3009976482","https://openalex.org/W3015322388","https://openalex.org/W3015392474","https://openalex.org/W3016795385","https://openalex.org/W3047296477","https://openalex.org/W3047500546","https://openalex.org/W3048617177","https://openalex.org/W3093448691","https://openalex.org/W3103144676","https://openalex.org/W3109270207","https://openalex.org/W3119651306","https://openalex.org/W3120381956","https://openalex.org/W3136666733","https://openalex.org/W4235628085","https://openalex.org/W4253510307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976985527","https://openalex.org/W380379685","https://openalex.org/W2354034738","https://openalex.org/W4213212078","https://openalex.org/W1963716487","https://openalex.org/W2062838854","https://openalex.org/W1536049545","https://openalex.org/W2382303592","https://openalex.org/W1489340745","https://openalex.org/W2912135041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"human":[1,133],"behavior":[2],"sensing":[3],"based":[4],"on":[5,35,103],"WiFi":[6],"channel":[7,40,57,73,84,96],"state":[8,41,58,74,85,97],"information":[9,24,59,75,86,98],"has":[10],"drawn":[11],"more":[12],"attention":[13],"in":[14],"the":[15,26,54,62,71,83,121,152],"ubiquitous":[16],"computing":[17],"field":[18],"because":[19,91],"it":[20],"can":[21],"provide":[22,143],"accurate":[23],"about":[25],"target":[27],"under":[28],"a":[29,144],"device\u2010free":[30],"scheme.":[31],"This":[32],"paper":[33,153],"concentrates":[34],"user":[36,66,79,93,123,148],"authentication":[37,80,124,149],"applications":[38,130],"using":[39],"information.":[42],"We":[43],"investigate":[44,120],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[45],"studies":[46],"and":[47,60,77,110,114,139,150,161],"survey":[48],"their":[49],"characteristics.":[50],"First,":[51],"we":[52,101,118,127,142],"introduce":[53],"concept":[55],"of":[56,65,147],"outline":[61],"fundamental":[63],"principle":[64],"authentication.":[67],"These":[68],"systems":[69],"measure":[70],"dynamic":[72],"profile":[76],"implement":[78],"by":[81,89,154],"exploring":[82],"variation":[87],"caused":[88],"users":[90],"each":[92],"generates":[94],"unique":[95],"fluctuations.":[99],"Second,":[100],"elaborate":[102],"signal":[104,108],"processing":[105],"approaches,":[106],"including":[107,135],"selection":[109],"preprocessing,":[111],"feature":[112],"extraction,":[113],"classification":[115],"methods.":[116],"Third,":[117],"thoroughly":[119],"latest":[122],"applications.":[125],"Specifically,":[126],"analyze":[128],"these":[129],"from":[131],"typical":[132],"action,":[134],"gait,":[136],"activity,":[137],"gesture,":[138],"stillness.":[140],"Finally,":[141],"comprehensive":[145],"discussion":[146],"conclude":[151],"presenting":[155],"some":[156],"open":[157],"issues,":[158],"research":[159],"directions,":[160],"possible":[162],"solutions.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}