{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3152877305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625438","title":"A Comparative Performance Analysis of Computational Intelligence Techniques to Solve the Asymmetric Travelling Salesman Problem","display_name":"A Comparative Performance Analysis of Computational Intelligence Techniques to Solve the Asymmetric Travelling Salesman Problem","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3152877305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625438","mag":"3152877305","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33986793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6625438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625438","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/6625438.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/6625438.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010072422","display_name":"Julius Beneoluchi Odili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1195-397X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154758","display_name":"Anchor University Lagos","ror":"https://ror.org/01zr8ek85","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154758"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julius Beneoluchi Odili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, Anchor University Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Anchor University Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087199658","display_name":"A. Noraziah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-7213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Noraziah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Software Development & Integrated Computing, University Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia","Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-7213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Software Development & Integrated Computing, University Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109272630","display_name":"M. Zarina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51569856","display_name":"Sultan Zainal Abidin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bnk2e50","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Zarina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4390-0773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109272630"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":1.1193,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81849835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":"6625438","last_page":"6625438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travelling-salesman-problem","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","score":0.7873077392578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6952519416809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.4331910014152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.372683584690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35231319069862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.21733525395393372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.173344224691391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.7873077392578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6952519416809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4331910014152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.372683584690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35231319069862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.21733525395393372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.173344224691391}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014195","descriptor_name":"Travel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014195","descriptor_name":"Travel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014195","descriptor_name":"Travel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6625438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625438","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/6625438.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33986793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33986793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:495e8a557f7b4a6eacc7c5df29e7e64e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/495e8a557f7b4a6eacc7c5df29e7e64e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8079222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8079222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Intell Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6625438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625438","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/6625438.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328944","display_name":"Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bnk2e50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336907","display_name":"Center for Research Excellence and Incubation Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152877305.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152877305.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489767088","https://openalex.org/W1949376864","https://openalex.org/W1990326157","https://openalex.org/W2004617458","https://openalex.org/W2039568841","https://openalex.org/W2047626401","https://openalex.org/W2079468688","https://openalex.org/W2114080023","https://openalex.org/W2124548165","https://openalex.org/W2143812618","https://openalex.org/W2163428398","https://openalex.org/W2163510721","https://openalex.org/W2213244149","https://openalex.org/W2218206653","https://openalex.org/W2235694917","https://openalex.org/W2519693010","https://openalex.org/W2529004358","https://openalex.org/W2578169634","https://openalex.org/W2582693844","https://openalex.org/W2584459811","https://openalex.org/W2587689255","https://openalex.org/W2612454343","https://openalex.org/W2625682749","https://openalex.org/W2630262064","https://openalex.org/W2766238749","https://openalex.org/W2786435269","https://openalex.org/W2790482354","https://openalex.org/W2809553981","https://openalex.org/W2883257394","https://openalex.org/W2895145607","https://openalex.org/W2900368462","https://openalex.org/W2911232601","https://openalex.org/W2921794350","https://openalex.org/W2925302285","https://openalex.org/W2947403743","https://openalex.org/W2954445796","https://openalex.org/W2955256164","https://openalex.org/W2960930275","https://openalex.org/W2982356524","https://openalex.org/W2982628822","https://openalex.org/W2991063448","https://openalex.org/W3000154880","https://openalex.org/W3000534328","https://openalex.org/W3003532379","https://openalex.org/W3003541401","https://openalex.org/W3003977585","https://openalex.org/W3021611522","https://openalex.org/W3022103959","https://openalex.org/W3023942736","https://openalex.org/W3024488493","https://openalex.org/W3032736889","https://openalex.org/W3033753717","https://openalex.org/W3034135318","https://openalex.org/W3047867360","https://openalex.org/W3080473944","https://openalex.org/W3084918652","https://openalex.org/W3087576977","https://openalex.org/W3092096648","https://openalex.org/W3097426008","https://openalex.org/W3102652454","https://openalex.org/W3105448877","https://openalex.org/W3110062260","https://openalex.org/W3135248595","https://openalex.org/W3142119278","https://openalex.org/W4232217679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1525389557","https://openalex.org/W2361554335","https://openalex.org/W2164188042","https://openalex.org/W2359992618","https://openalex.org/W4306878646","https://openalex.org/W2054495636","https://openalex.org/W2495211334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,70],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,61,181,220],"comparative":[4,116],"performance":[5,90],"analysis":[6],"of":[7,63,97,183,192],"some":[8,96],"metaheuristics":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"the":[12,38,46,54,67,98,113,131,136,147,166,171,176,186,193,199,203,210,215],"African":[13,132,204],"Buffalo":[14,133,205],"Optimization":[15,20,26,134,144,174,206],"algorithm":[16,207],"(ABO),":[17],"Improved":[18,172],"Extremal":[19,173],"(IEO),":[21],"Model-Induced":[22,140],"Max-Min":[23,28,141],"Ant":[24,29,34,142,155],"Colony":[25,143],"(MIMM-ACO),":[27],"System":[30,35,156],"(MMAS),":[31],"Cooperative":[32,153],"Genetic":[33,154],"(CGAS),":[36],"and":[37,103,160,170,218],"heuristic,":[39],"Randomized":[40,162],"Insertion":[41,163],"Algorithm":[42,164],"(RAI)":[43],"to":[44,112,129],"solve":[45],"asymmetric":[47,68,80],"Travelling":[48,56],"Salesman":[49,57],"Problem":[50],"(ATSP).":[51],"Quite":[52],"unlike":[53],"symmetric":[55],"Problem,":[58],"there":[59],"is":[60,71],"paucity":[62],"research":[64],"studies":[65],"on":[66,185],"counterpart.":[69],"quite":[72],"disturbing":[73],"because":[74,92],"most":[75],"real-life":[76],"applications":[77],"are":[78],"actually":[79],"in":[81,101,109,118,124,197,213],"nature.":[82],"These":[83],"six":[84],"algorithms":[85,117,212],"were":[86],"chosen":[87],"for":[88,127],"their":[89,125],"comparison":[91],"they":[93,104],"have":[94],"posted":[95],"best":[99],"results":[100,200,217],"literature":[102],"employ":[105,121],"different":[106,122],"search":[107,126,178],"schemes":[108],"attempting":[110],"solutions":[111,128],"ATSP.":[114],"The":[115],"this":[119],"study":[120],"techniques":[123],"ATSP:":[130],"employs":[135,146],"modified":[137],"Karp-Steele":[138],"mechanism,":[139],"(MIMM-ACO)":[145],"path":[148],"construction":[149],"with":[150],"patching":[151],"technique,":[152],"uses":[157,165,175],"natural":[158],"selection":[159],"ordering;":[161],"random":[167],"insertion":[168],"approach,":[169],"grid":[177],"strategy.":[179],"After":[180],"number":[182],"experiments":[184],"popular":[187],"but":[188],"difficult":[189],"15":[190],"out":[191],"19":[194],"ATSP":[195],"instances":[196],"TSPLIB,":[198],"show":[201],"that":[202],"slightly":[208],"outperformed":[209],"other":[211],"obtaining":[214],"optimal":[216],"at":[219],"much":[221],"faster":[222],"speed.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
