{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126432256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6617437","title":"Effects of Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Water Consumption and Yields of Alfalfa under Different Water and Fertilizer Conditions","display_name":"Effects of Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Water Consumption and Yields of Alfalfa under Different Water and Fertilizer Conditions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126432256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6617437","mag":"3126432256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6617437","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6617437","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/6617437.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/6617437.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xuesong Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092032","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuesong Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China iwhr.com","Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-7975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China iwhr.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082427543","display_name":"Yayang Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-8742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120379545","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/015d0jq83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yayang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China imau.edu.cn","Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-8742","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China imau.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120379545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457018","display_name":"He\u2010Ping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9198-5033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092032","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China iwhr.com","Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9198-5033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China iwhr.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014888480","display_name":"Hexiang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-1828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092032","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hexiang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China iwhr.com","Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-1828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China iwhr.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734310","display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-5465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092032","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China iwhr.com","Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-5465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China iwhr.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049816986","display_name":"Changfu Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9573-6544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092032","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changfu Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China iwhr.com","Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9573-6544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China iwhr.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"],"apc_list":{"value":2830,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2830},"apc_paid":{"value":2830,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2830},"fwci":2.3075,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86847122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12045","display_name":"Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drip-irrigation","display_name":"Drip irrigation","score":0.871576189994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-consumption","display_name":"Water consumption","score":0.7573012709617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer","display_name":"Fertilizer","score":0.7371564507484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6005523800849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.5478460788726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-saving","display_name":"Water saving","score":0.4931313693523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation","display_name":"Irrigation","score":0.49112316966056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.2079697549343109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.0873894989490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resource-management","display_name":"Water resource management","score":0.07133051753044128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152453397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746694","display_name":"Drip irrigation","level":3,"score":0.871576189994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982944804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26534","display_name":"Water consumption","level":2,"score":0.7573012709617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.7371564507484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6005523800849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5478460788726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987534287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462136","display_name":"Water saving","level":2,"score":0.4931313693523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.49112316966056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.2079697549343109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0873894989490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.07133051753044128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6617437","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6617437","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/6617437.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d5bb8c37a52d497ebfbf04097737eb27","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d5bb8c37a52d497ebfbf04097737eb27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6617437","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6617437","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/6617437.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4692147991","display_name":"\u653e\u7267\u5bf9\u8352\u6f20\u5316\u8349\u539f\u5782\u5411\u6c34\u5faa\u73af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41901052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5782693497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MK2018J05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322723","funder_display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322723","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126432256.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126432256.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W272215156","https://openalex.org/W1525732109","https://openalex.org/W1601082359","https://openalex.org/W1966525331","https://openalex.org/W1967162404","https://openalex.org/W1978195692","https://openalex.org/W1987191572","https://openalex.org/W1993108096","https://openalex.org/W1995926710","https://openalex.org/W1998045214","https://openalex.org/W2004496484","https://openalex.org/W2004754356","https://openalex.org/W2004990138","https://openalex.org/W2007121755","https://openalex.org/W2023071440","https://openalex.org/W2024336598","https://openalex.org/W2026804508","https://openalex.org/W2028035560","https://openalex.org/W2031360517","https://openalex.org/W2033700005","https://openalex.org/W2043638434","https://openalex.org/W2046320288","https://openalex.org/W2065795375","https://openalex.org/W2072057070","https://openalex.org/W2073405237","https://openalex.org/W2079805053","https://openalex.org/W2086633102","https://openalex.org/W2087044932","https://openalex.org/W2092954248","https://openalex.org/W2118135560","https://openalex.org/W2124144597","https://openalex.org/W2150858567","https://openalex.org/W2169354232","https://openalex.org/W2181927926","https://openalex.org/W2255389994","https://openalex.org/W2334186454","https://openalex.org/W2416319030","https://openalex.org/W2460455231","https://openalex.org/W2461114583","https://openalex.org/W2523629214","https://openalex.org/W2531936462","https://openalex.org/W2549228450","https://openalex.org/W2604909342","https://openalex.org/W2744363806","https://openalex.org/W2765205803","https://openalex.org/W2798130611","https://openalex.org/W2888901705","https://openalex.org/W2917803012","https://openalex.org/W2945180186","https://openalex.org/W2970903971","https://openalex.org/W2972813635","https://openalex.org/W2976980654","https://openalex.org/W2983227743","https://openalex.org/W3007004623","https://openalex.org/W3098677095","https://openalex.org/W4229803690","https://openalex.org/W6651512875","https://openalex.org/W6684990314","https://openalex.org/W7018724092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350298624","https://openalex.org/W2357846866","https://openalex.org/W2370805333","https://openalex.org/W2369000750","https://openalex.org/W2354350646","https://openalex.org/W2118735633","https://openalex.org/W2367790523","https://openalex.org/W2049987109","https://openalex.org/W2353221505","https://openalex.org/W2349479922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"field":[1],"experiment":[2],"was":[3,77,87,136],"conducted":[4],"for":[5,46],"the":[6,10,21,37,43,62,73,82,99,103,116,134,146,163,166,184,189,231,239,265],"purpose":[7],"of":[8,12,15,26,65,102,107,115,126,133,148,160,162,179,193,199,206,211,213,236,241,247,270],"examining":[9],"effects":[11],"different":[13],"combinations":[14],"water":[16,22,48,51,70,84,94,119,129,248,258],"and":[17,24,39,81,96,110,145,158,196,233,249,252,259,267],"fertilizer":[18,261],"applications":[19],"on":[20,183],"consumption":[23,52,71,85,95],"yields":[25,97,117],"alfalfa":[27,47,67,104,135,164,212,237],"under":[28,238],"subsurface":[29],"drip":[30],"irrigation":[31,191,226],"(SDI).":[32],"The":[33,50,69,90,113,128,156,177],"results":[34,178,219],"showed":[35],"that":[36,125,221],"jointing":[38],"branching":[40],"stages":[41,45],"were":[42,121],"key":[44],"requirement.":[49],"had":[53,150],"varied":[54],"greatly":[55],"(from":[56],"130":[57],"to":[58,118,138,142,154],"170":[59],"mm)":[60],"during":[61,72,98],"growth":[63,75,100,149,161],"period":[64,76,101],"each":[66],"crop.":[68,176],"whole":[74],"approximately":[78],"500":[79],"mm,":[80],"maximum":[83],"intensity":[86],"3.64":[88],"mm\u00b7d-1.":[89],"overall":[91],"changes":[92,120],"in":[93],"displayed":[105],"trends":[106],"first":[108,175],"increasing":[109],"then":[111],"decreasing.":[112],"sensitivities":[114],"much":[122],"higher":[123],"than":[124,215],"fertilizer.":[127],"use":[130],"efficiency":[131],"(WUE)":[132],"determined":[137],"range":[139],"from":[140,152],"1.68":[141],"3.20":[143],"kg\u00b7m-3,":[144],"rate":[147,159],"ranged":[151],"4.85%":[153],"51.77%.":[155],"WUE":[157,232,266],"indicated":[165],"following":[167],"trend:":[168],"second":[169],"crop":[170,173],">":[171,174],"third":[172],"frequency":[180],"analysis":[181],"based":[182],"water\u2010nitrogen\u2010yield":[185],"regression":[186],"equation":[187],"are":[188],"following:":[190],"amounts":[192],"142~165":[194],"mm":[195],"nitrogen":[197,250,260],"application":[198],"61~80":[200],"kg\u00b7hm-2":[201],"have":[202],"a":[203,208,224],"95%":[204],"probability":[205],"obtaining":[207],"hay":[209,234,268],"yield":[210,235,269],"more":[214],"11903":[216],"kg\u00b7hm-2.":[217],"These":[218],"suggest":[220],"SDI":[222,242],"is":[223],"promising":[225],"method,":[227],"which":[228],"can":[229],"increase":[230],"condition":[240],"within":[243],"an":[244],"appropriate":[245],"amount":[246],"fertilizer,":[251],"too":[253,256],"low":[254],"or":[255],"high":[257],"will":[262],"adversely":[263],"affect":[264],"alfalfa.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}