{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126694827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610655","title":"FPGA Implementation of Improved Security Approach for Medical Image Encryption and Decryption","display_name":"FPGA Implementation of Improved Security Approach for Medical Image Encryption and Decryption","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126694827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610655","mag":"3126694827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6610655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610655","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/6610655.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/6610655.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055309219","display_name":"Amal Hafsa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4032-9129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166928557","display_name":"University of Monastir","ror":"https://ror.org/00nhtcg76","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amal Hafsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic and Micro-Electronic Laboratory, LR99ES30, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4032-9129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Micro-Electronic Laboratory, LR99ES30, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027233065","display_name":"Mohamed Gafsi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3623-9844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166928557","display_name":"University of Monastir","ror":"https://ror.org/00nhtcg76","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Gafsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic and Micro-Electronic Laboratory, LR99ES30, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3623-9844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Micro-Electronic Laboratory, LR99ES30, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110133558","display_name":"Jihene Malek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166928557","display_name":"University of Monastir","ror":"https://ror.org/00nhtcg76","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8636806","display_name":"University of Sousse","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmpgj58","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihene Malek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic and Micro-Electronic Laboratory, LR99ES30, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia","Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-3642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Micro-Electronic Laboratory, LR99ES30, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohsen Machhout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9378-9412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166928557","display_name":"University of Monastir","ror":"https://ror.org/00nhtcg76","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Machhout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic and Micro-Electronic Laboratory, LR99ES30, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9378-9412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Micro-Electronic Laboratory, LR99ES30, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055309219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2000},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2000},"fwci":3.265,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93138384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9611999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7646172642707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7398982048034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5134474039077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandom-number-generator","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","score":0.5112855434417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.5001897811889648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disk-encryption","display_name":"Disk encryption","score":0.4181387722492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4152318239212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38261330127716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3814634680747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-encryption","display_name":"Multiple encryption","score":0.3692837655544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34337079524993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.32383662462234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.1829371154308319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1749500334262848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7646172642707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7398982048034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5134474039077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140642157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623338","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","level":2,"score":0.5112855434417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.5001897811889648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9368797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117010","display_name":"Disk encryption","level":4,"score":0.4181387722492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4152318239212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38261330127716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3814634680747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184685986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505167","display_name":"Multiple encryption","level":3,"score":0.3692837655544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34337079524993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.32383662462234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.1829371154308319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1749500334262848}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6610655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610655","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/6610655.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:72a94af554684cf6a091039e54b43933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/72a94af554684cf6a091039e54b43933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6610655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610655","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/6610655.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126694827.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126694827.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515141981","https://openalex.org/W1571140939","https://openalex.org/W1963864257","https://openalex.org/W1967126832","https://openalex.org/W1969537642","https://openalex.org/W2001773933","https://openalex.org/W2038927331","https://openalex.org/W2093810930","https://openalex.org/W2126870044","https://openalex.org/W2145841840","https://openalex.org/W2307061290","https://openalex.org/W2476276203","https://openalex.org/W2488277326","https://openalex.org/W2507650878","https://openalex.org/W2567480780","https://openalex.org/W2574534738","https://openalex.org/W2624920640","https://openalex.org/W2737126994","https://openalex.org/W2737197907","https://openalex.org/W2743028355","https://openalex.org/W2743436145","https://openalex.org/W2786395579","https://openalex.org/W2791035318","https://openalex.org/W2792905960","https://openalex.org/W2800312539","https://openalex.org/W2805129962","https://openalex.org/W2805745706","https://openalex.org/W2904763987","https://openalex.org/W2912937820","https://openalex.org/W2919566737","https://openalex.org/W2944785541","https://openalex.org/W2961489192","https://openalex.org/W2967243140","https://openalex.org/W2973996835","https://openalex.org/W2980350017","https://openalex.org/W3001149645","https://openalex.org/W3093657066","https://openalex.org/W3097235511","https://openalex.org/W3113195621","https://openalex.org/W4238576540"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111426419","https://openalex.org/W2165314391","https://openalex.org/W2367071687","https://openalex.org/W3029898465","https://openalex.org/W2144246620","https://openalex.org/W4315815885","https://openalex.org/W652534628","https://openalex.org/W4313218192","https://openalex.org/W2915067502","https://openalex.org/W3103409016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Securing":[0],"medical":[1,9,153],"images":[2,260],"is":[3,30,87,136,145,170,225,231,237,268],"a":[4,17,51,67,107,125,157,190],"great":[5],"challenge":[6],"to":[7,172,208,239],"protect":[8],"privacy.":[10],"An":[11],"image":[12,154,161,179,197,206,241],"encryption":[13,121,198],"model":[14],"founded":[15],"on":[16,55,138,167],"complex":[18,52,68],"chaos-based":[19],"Pseudorandom":[20],"Number":[21],"Generator":[22],"(PRNG)":[23],"and":[24,70,99,104,156,169,178,194,212,228,246,255,261,272],"Modified":[25],"Advanced":[26],"Encryption":[27],"Standard":[28],"(MAES)":[29],"put":[31],"forward":[32],"in":[33,66,73,79,124],"this":[34],"paper.":[35],"Our":[36],"work":[37],"consists":[38],"of":[39,50,120,203,222,257,277],"the":[40,48,62,74,80,84,113,130,139,174,185,195,201,204,209,214,223,229,258],"following":[41],"three":[42],"main":[43],"points.":[44],"First,":[45],"we":[46],"propose":[47],"use":[49],"PRNG":[53],"based":[54],"two":[56],"different":[57,91,247],"chaotic":[58],"systems":[59],"which":[60,111,144],"are":[61,102,122],"2D":[63],"Logistic":[64],"map":[65,187],"set":[69],"Henon\u2019s":[71],"system":[72,135,224],"key":[75],"generation":[76],"procedure.":[77],"Second,":[78],"MAES":[81],"128":[82],"bits,":[83],"subbytes\u2019":[85],"operation":[86],"performed":[88,123],"using":[89],"four":[90,118],"S-boxes":[92],"for":[93,152,160],"more":[94,270],"complexity.":[95,114],"Third,":[96],"both":[97],"shift-rows\u2019":[98],"mix-columns\u2019":[100],"transformations":[101],"eliminated":[103],"replaced":[105],"with":[106,147],"random":[108],"permutation":[109],"method":[110],"increases":[112],"More":[115],"importantly,":[116],"only":[117],"rounds":[119],"loop":[126],"that":[127,184,264],"reduces":[128,213],"significantly":[129],"execution":[131],"time.":[132],"The":[133,163,219,234],"overall":[134],"implemented":[137],"Altera":[140],"Cyclone":[141],"III":[142],"board,":[143],"completed":[146],"an":[148],"SD":[149],"card":[150],"interface":[151,159],"storage":[155],"VGA":[158],"display.":[162],"HPS":[164],"software":[165],"runs":[166],"\u03bcClinux":[168],"used":[171,188],"control":[173],"FPGA":[175],"encryption-decryption":[176],"algorithm":[177,199,267],"transmission.":[180],"Experimental":[181],"findings":[182],"prove":[183,263],"propounded":[186],"has":[189],"keyspace":[191],"sufficiently":[192],"large":[193],"proposed":[196,235],"augments":[200],"entropy":[202],"ciphered":[205],"compared":[207,238],"AES":[210],"standard":[211],"complexity":[215],"time":[216],"by":[217],"97%.":[218],"power":[220],"consumption":[221],"136.87":[226],"mw":[227],"throughput":[230],"1.34":[232],"Gbit/s.":[233],"technique":[236],"recent":[240],"cryptosystems":[242],"including":[243],"hardware":[244],"performances":[245],"security":[248],"analysis":[249],"properties,":[250],"such":[251],"as":[252],"randomness,":[253],"sensitivity,":[254],"correlation":[256],"encrypted":[259],"results":[262],"our":[265],"cryptographic":[266],"faster,":[269],"efficient,":[271],"can":[273],"resist":[274],"any":[275],"kind":[276],"attacks.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
