{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205681365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5733308","title":"Nonuniform Clustering of Wireless Sensor Network Node Positioning Anomaly Detection and Calibration","display_name":"Nonuniform Clustering of Wireless Sensor Network Node Positioning Anomaly Detection and Calibration","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205681365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5733308","mag":"3205681365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5733308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5733308","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/5733308.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/5733308.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055391326","display_name":"Biao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-1467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125878","display_name":"Suzhou Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebk0c60","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering Department, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China suda.edu.cn","Information Engineering Department, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering Department, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China suda.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837","https://openalex.org/I3923682","https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering Department, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020954037","display_name":"Wansu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-5518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125878","display_name":"Suzhou Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebk0c60","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wansu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering Department, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China suda.edu.cn","Information Engineering Department, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-5518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering Department, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China suda.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837","https://openalex.org/I3923682","https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering Department, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020954037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837","https://openalex.org/I3923682","https://openalex.org/I4210125878"],"apc_list":{"value":2375,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2375},"apc_paid":{"value":2375,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2375},"fwci":0.3911,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64754967,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6533230543136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6499319076538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6143890023231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5835844278335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5555558204650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5287995934486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.5196529626846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37224265933036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2681226134300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23678329586982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15994027256965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11590576171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09887203574180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.055196940898895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.0372922420501709}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6533230543136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6499319076538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6143890023231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5835844278335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5555558204650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5287995934486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5196529626846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37224265933036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2681226134300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23678329586982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15994027256965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11590576171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09887203574180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.055196940898895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0372922420501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5733308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5733308","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/5733308.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3b7c46c8fbdd448794587264280648af","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3b7c46c8fbdd448794587264280648af","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5733308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5733308","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/5733308.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2055988429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019xjzdxk1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330925","funder_display_name":"Suzhou University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2520826056","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"szxy2018xgk05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330925","funder_display_name":"Suzhou University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2611977765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018jyxm0960","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330925","funder_display_name":"Suzhou University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5689824842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020XJGG01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330925","funder_display_name":"Suzhou University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G900691870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020yzd01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330925","funder_display_name":"Suzhou University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330925","display_name":"Suzhou University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205681365.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205681365.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2745621645","https://openalex.org/W2755619129","https://openalex.org/W2802467999","https://openalex.org/W2803361357","https://openalex.org/W2883648449","https://openalex.org/W2894622363","https://openalex.org/W2896325049","https://openalex.org/W2955475434","https://openalex.org/W2970072328","https://openalex.org/W2977317437","https://openalex.org/W3003521999","https://openalex.org/W3043072898","https://openalex.org/W3046332776","https://openalex.org/W3113909115","https://openalex.org/W3126030386","https://openalex.org/W4240946201","https://openalex.org/W4245206792","https://openalex.org/W4245533323","https://openalex.org/W4250089250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W3120251014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,296],"order":[1],"to":[2,69,75,81,137,167,254,306],"detect":[3,292],"and":[4,47,111,152,161,190,208,263,291,314],"correct":[5],"node":[6,44,93,170,240,269,301,308],"localization":[7],"anomalies":[8,258],"in":[9,61,88,101,233,259,288,311],"wireless":[10],"sensor":[11],"networks,":[12],"a":[13,23,113,172,238,315],"hierarchical":[14],"nonuniform":[15],"clustering":[16],"algorithm":[17,30,57,207,218,242,247,276,303],"is":[18,221,243,304,319],"proposed.":[19,245],"This":[20],"paper":[21],"designs":[22],"centroid":[24,179,205],"iterative":[25,180,206],"maximum":[26,210],"likelihood":[27,211],"estimation":[28,212],"location":[29,45,241,302,309,317],"based":[31],"on":[32,195],"nonuniformity":[33,37],"analysis,":[34],"selects":[35,94,112],"the":[36,41,49,56,59,62,70,77,82,91,95,105,131,139,146,164,168,177,182,185,196,199,203,209,214,217,225,234,249,256,260,275,280,299,307],"analysis":[38,197],"algorithm,":[39,46,181,213],"gives":[40],"flowchart":[42],"of":[43,51,72,86,104,116,156,184,198,202,216,227,236,282],"simulates":[48],"distribution":[50],"nodes":[52,60,87,96,117,229,294],"with":[53,97,118],"MATLAB.":[54],"Firstly,":[55],"divides":[58],"network":[63,66,106],"into":[64],"different":[65,157],"levels":[67],"according":[68],"number":[71,115],"hops":[73],"required":[74],"reach":[76],"sink":[78,92,169],"node.":[79],"According":[80],"average":[83],"residual":[84,99,120],"energy":[85,100,121],"each":[89,102,129],"layer,":[90],"higher":[98],"layer":[103],"as":[107,122],"candidate":[108,124,132],"cluster":[109,125,133,141,150,153],"heads":[110,134],"certain":[114],"lower":[119],"additional":[123],"heads.":[126,142],"Then,":[127],"at":[128,163,224],"level,":[130],"are":[135,159,192],"elected":[136],"produce":[138],"final":[140],"Finally,":[143],"by":[144],"controlling":[145],"communication":[147],"range":[148],"between":[149],"head":[151],"members,":[154],"clusters":[155,162],"sizes":[158],"formed,":[160],"level":[165],"closer":[166],"have":[171],"smaller":[173],"scale.":[174],"By":[175],"simulating":[176],"improved":[178,204],"values":[183],"optimal":[186],"iteration":[187],"parameters":[188],"\u03b1":[189],"\u03b7":[191],"obtained.":[193],"Based":[194],"positioning":[200,266,286],"errors":[201],"value":[215],"conversion":[219],"factor":[220],"selected.":[222],"Aiming":[223],"problem":[226,310],"abnormal":[228,293],"that":[230,274],"may":[231],"occur":[232],"process":[235],"ranging,":[237],"hybrid":[239,300],"further":[244],"The":[246],"uses":[248],"\u2113":[250],"2,":[251],"1":[252],"norm":[253],"smooth":[255],"structured":[257],"ranging":[261],"information":[262],"realizes":[264],"accurate":[265],"while":[267],"detecting":[268],"anomalies.":[270],"Experimental":[271],"results":[272],"show":[273],"can":[277],"accurately":[278],"determine":[279],"uniformity":[281],"distribution,":[283],"achieve":[284],"good":[285,316],"effect":[287,318],"complex":[289],"environment,":[290],"well.":[295],"this":[297],"paper,":[298],"extended":[305],"large\u2010scale":[312],"scenes,":[313],"achieved.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}