{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164278966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5583874","title":"A New Hybrid Deep Learning Algorithm for Prediction of Wide Traffic Congestion in Smart Cities","display_name":"A New Hybrid Deep Learning Algorithm for Prediction of Wide Traffic Congestion in Smart Cities","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164278966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5583874","mag":"3164278966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5583874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5583874","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/5583874.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/5583874.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025696218","display_name":"G. Kothai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Kothai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRMIST, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9581-1679","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRMIST, Chennai, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034914166","display_name":"E. Poovammal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4996-1377"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Poovammal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRMIST, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRMIST, Chennai, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078484420","display_name":"Gaurav Dhiman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-5197"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurav Dhiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Government Bikram College of Commerce, Patiala, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-5197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Government Bikram College of Commerce, Patiala, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030455631","display_name":"Kadiyala Ramana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4604-846X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112609","display_name":"Association for Intelligent Transport Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/023wx7g30","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112609"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kadiyala Ramana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, AITS, Rajampet, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4604-846X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, AITS, Rajampet, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011925762","display_name":"Ashutosh Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-5252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137534880","display_name":"Southern Federal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01tv9ph92","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137534880"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashutosh Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Technology and Information Security, Southern Federal University, Rostov Oblast 344006, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-5252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Technology and Information Security, Southern Federal University, Rostov Oblast 344006, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137534880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002473480","display_name":"Mohammed A. AlZain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5595-4280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A. AlZain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060122615","display_name":"Gurjot Singh Gaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-1478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gurjot Singh Gaba","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-1478","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045359397","display_name":"Mehedi Masud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-7245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehedi Masud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-7245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045359397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":7.528,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98101946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8752795457839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.6744207739830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6274093985557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6171627640724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.5663778781890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.47092050313949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46233293414115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-flow","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","score":0.45312216877937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.4468810558319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3890112340450287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.22326210141181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.207273930311203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.09735316038131714}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8752795457839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6744207739830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6274093985557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6171627640724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.5663778781890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.47092050313949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46233293414115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207512268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074551","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","level":2,"score":0.45312216877937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.4468810558319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3890112340450287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.22326210141181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.207273930311203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.09735316038131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5583874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5583874","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/5583874.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34cd7b31d51c437395b96f019481375a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34cd7b31d51c437395b96f019481375a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5583874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5583874","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/5583874.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2197924692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020/98","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7299194679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164278966.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164278966.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607248469","https://openalex.org/W1965945321","https://openalex.org/W1989327382","https://openalex.org/W1990205854","https://openalex.org/W2097513162","https://openalex.org/W2101325110","https://openalex.org/W2327441098","https://openalex.org/W2424654646","https://openalex.org/W2443379668","https://openalex.org/W2617638177","https://openalex.org/W2741089866","https://openalex.org/W2763427673","https://openalex.org/W2766150071","https://openalex.org/W2786744130","https://openalex.org/W2792199826","https://openalex.org/W2796814265","https://openalex.org/W2799867512","https://openalex.org/W2803195983","https://openalex.org/W2805007042","https://openalex.org/W2807821935","https://openalex.org/W2885467118","https://openalex.org/W2887681133","https://openalex.org/W2888115718","https://openalex.org/W2889144920","https://openalex.org/W2898238222","https://openalex.org/W2898584879","https://openalex.org/W2898882514","https://openalex.org/W2902421512","https://openalex.org/W2902925785","https://openalex.org/W2909960951","https://openalex.org/W2921424288","https://openalex.org/W2938886060","https://openalex.org/W2945177784","https://openalex.org/W2945253341","https://openalex.org/W2953729894","https://openalex.org/W2955168531","https://openalex.org/W2960311389","https://openalex.org/W2964107296","https://openalex.org/W2964397447","https://openalex.org/W2966046472","https://openalex.org/W2973405651","https://openalex.org/W2973686152","https://openalex.org/W2973861572","https://openalex.org/W3005253965","https://openalex.org/W3006687017","https://openalex.org/W3007872274","https://openalex.org/W3007907254","https://openalex.org/W3011408107","https://openalex.org/W3021810927","https://openalex.org/W3022093233","https://openalex.org/W3026003508","https://openalex.org/W3036773699","https://openalex.org/W3046463181","https://openalex.org/W3066907903","https://openalex.org/W3113097222","https://openalex.org/W3120426593","https://openalex.org/W3133463054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070120713","https://openalex.org/W2802293874","https://openalex.org/W4312661457","https://openalex.org/W2973192971","https://openalex.org/W4390341805","https://openalex.org/W4390987329","https://openalex.org/W3069032","https://openalex.org/W2982084411","https://openalex.org/W4210448965","https://openalex.org/W2361581724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,140,163,185,221],"vehicular":[1],"adhoc":[2],"network":[3,75,110],"(VANET)":[4],"is":[5,42,166,194],"an":[6],"emerging":[7],"research":[8],"topic":[9],"in":[10,22,44,55,58,73,83,135,176,241],"the":[11,20,23,32,67,71,74,77,85,92,115,124,128,133,143,149,155,159,192,197,207,225,229],"intelligent":[12],"transportation":[13],"system":[14],"that":[15,35,113,224],"furnishes":[16],"essential":[17],"information":[18],"to":[19,122,131],"vehicles":[21,72],"network.":[24],"Nearly":[25],"150":[26],"thousand":[27],"people":[28],"are":[29,174,188],"affected":[30],"by":[31,233],"road":[33],"accidents":[34,57],"must":[36],"be":[37],"minimized,":[38],"and":[39,60,107,130,148,153,173,183,191,204,217,245],"improving":[40,61],"safety":[41],"required":[43],"VANET.":[45],"prediction":[47,160,201],"of":[48,70,79,118,127,161,212,215,219,243],"traffic":[49,62,86,136,146,178],"congestions":[50],"plays":[51],"a":[52,98],"momentous":[53],"role":[54],"minimizing":[56],"roads":[59],"management":[63],"for":[64,158],"people.":[65],"However,":[66],"dynamic":[68,125],"behavior":[69,126],"degrades":[76],"rendition":[78],"deep":[80,238],"learning":[81,239],"models":[82,240],"predicting":[84],"congestion":[87,93,134],"on":[88,138],"roads.":[89,139],"To":[90],"overcome":[91],"problem,":[94],"this":[95],"paper":[96],"proposes":[97],"new":[99],"hybrid":[100],"boosted":[101],"long":[102],"short\u2010term":[103],"memory":[104],"ensemble":[105,114],"(BLSTME)":[106],"convolutional":[108],"neural":[109],"(CNN)":[111],"model":[112,165,193,227],"powerful":[116],"features":[117,144],"CNN":[119,141],"with":[120,196],"BLSTME":[121,151],"negotiate":[123],"vehicle":[129],"predict":[132],"effectively":[137],"extracts":[142],"from":[145],"images,":[147],"proposed":[150,164,226],"trains":[152],"strengthens":[154],"weak":[156],"classifiers":[157],"congestion.":[162],"developed":[167],"using":[168,181],"Tensor":[169],"flow":[170],"python":[171],"libraries":[172],"tested":[175],"real":[177],"scenario":[179],"simulated":[180],"SUMO":[182],"OMNeT++.":[184],"extensive":[186],"experimentations":[187],"carried":[189],"out,":[190],"measured":[195],"performance":[198],"metrics":[199],"likely":[200],"accuracy,":[202,213],"precision,":[203,216],"recall.":[205,220],"Thus,":[206],"experimental":[208],"result":[209],"shows":[210],"98%":[211],"96%":[214],"94%":[218],"results":[222],"complies":[223],"clobbers":[228],"other":[230],"existing":[231],"algorithms":[232],"furnishing":[234],"10%":[235],"higher":[236],"than":[237],"terms":[242],"stability":[244],"performance.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}