{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176422615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5567234","title":"N-Tier Soft Set Data Model: An Approach to Combine the Logicality of SQL and the Flexibility of NoSQL","display_name":"N-Tier Soft Set Data Model: An Approach to Combine the Logicality of SQL and the Flexibility of NoSQL","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176422615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5567234","mag":"3176422615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5567234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5567234","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/5567234.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/5567234.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101863704","display_name":"Jiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3478-7529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066843217","display_name":"Du Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7070-5255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Du Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005930431","display_name":"Zhi Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2897-888X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Logistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2897-888X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Logistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005930431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.3584,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63052415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11671","display_name":"Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11671","display_name":"Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosql","display_name":"NoSQL","score":0.9316921234130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8943145275115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql","display_name":"SQL","score":0.7346863150596619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-model","display_name":"Data model (GIS)","score":0.5624409914016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5116713047027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-model","display_name":"Relational model","score":0.5080246925354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-database","display_name":"Relational database","score":0.5056111812591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5010323524475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.5002162456512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.4917495548725128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materialized-view","display_name":"Materialized view","score":0.42056939005851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40120062232017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-design","display_name":"Database design","score":0.2874842882156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/view","display_name":"View","score":0.23401406407356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21125152707099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.20996978878974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20292878150939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08526772260665894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82231","display_name":"NoSQL","level":3,"score":0.9316921234130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8943145275115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"SQL","level":2,"score":0.7346863150596619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100463513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227322","display_name":"Data model (GIS)","level":2,"score":0.5624409914016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5116713047027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40207289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755662","display_name":"Relational model","level":3,"score":0.5080246925354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.5056111812591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5010323524475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.5002162456512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4917495548725128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98199447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2445044","display_name":"Materialized view","level":4,"score":0.42056939005851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40120062232017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148840519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049878","display_name":"Database design","level":2,"score":0.2874842882156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54239708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329910","display_name":"View","level":3,"score":0.23401406407356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21125152707099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.20996978878974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20292878150939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08526772260665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5567234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5567234","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/5567234.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f1013cab6bc54c4f8984517026818147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f1013cab6bc54c4f8984517026818147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hindawi.com:10.1155/2021/5567234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5567234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400340","display_name":"Hindawi Journal of Chemistry (Hindawi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126990","host_organization_name":"Hindawi (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Research Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5567234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5567234","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/5567234.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G467108074","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9ad8\u7ef4\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"72071021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176422615.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176422615.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542837303","https://openalex.org/W1966764836","https://openalex.org/W1975030609","https://openalex.org/W1978352585","https://openalex.org/W1981420413","https://openalex.org/W1989832241","https://openalex.org/W1994184873","https://openalex.org/W2005739429","https://openalex.org/W2012680835","https://openalex.org/W2022932088","https://openalex.org/W2027277382","https://openalex.org/W2042560256","https://openalex.org/W2061376588","https://openalex.org/W2069754181","https://openalex.org/W2071796503","https://openalex.org/W2079051990","https://openalex.org/W2083267403","https://openalex.org/W2084568010","https://openalex.org/W2084950212","https://openalex.org/W2094536288","https://openalex.org/W2095209150","https://openalex.org/W2132290542","https://openalex.org/W2143022601","https://openalex.org/W2176283243","https://openalex.org/W2185907055","https://openalex.org/W2326576289","https://openalex.org/W2341601344","https://openalex.org/W2482127814","https://openalex.org/W2537849499","https://openalex.org/W2565613390","https://openalex.org/W2591701982","https://openalex.org/W2595942081","https://openalex.org/W2789453065","https://openalex.org/W2796431025","https://openalex.org/W2800277550","https://openalex.org/W2803774967","https://openalex.org/W2914206936","https://openalex.org/W2996469977","https://openalex.org/W2999963010","https://openalex.org/W3097249121","https://openalex.org/W3133089600","https://openalex.org/W3149858747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2621972978","https://openalex.org/W3129344858","https://openalex.org/W3001928035","https://openalex.org/W2791661407","https://openalex.org/W4301431331","https://openalex.org/W2588045195","https://openalex.org/W2957025774","https://openalex.org/W4320802139","https://openalex.org/W4385834214","https://openalex.org/W2514636569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"process":[1],"a":[2,71,93,109,137,155],"huge":[3],"amount":[4],"of":[5,101,117,130],"data,":[6,147],"computing":[7],"resources":[8],"need":[9],"to":[10,33,36,153,163],"be":[11,17,34],"organized":[12],"in":[13,38],"clusters":[14],"that":[15],"can":[16],"scaled":[18],"out":[19],"easily.":[20],"Still,":[21],"traditional":[22],"SQL":[23,119],"databases":[24,50],"built":[25],"on":[26],"the":[27,44,63,115,118,124,128],"relational":[28,125],"data":[29,58,110,134,152,162],"model":[30,111,120,135],"are":[31],"difficult":[32],"put":[35],"use":[37],"such":[39],"clusters,":[40],"which":[41,112],"has":[42],"motivated":[43],"movement":[45],"named":[46],"NoSQL.":[47],"However,":[48],"NoSQL":[49,131],"have":[51],"their":[52,56],"limits":[53],"by":[54],"using":[55],"own":[57],"models.":[59,132],"In":[60],"this":[61,102],"paper,":[62],"original":[64],"soft":[65,77,95],"set":[66,78,96],"theory":[67,73],"is":[68,79],"extended,":[69],"and":[70,88,127,139,145,151,158,161,167],"new":[72],"system":[74],"called":[75],"n-tier":[76],"brought":[80],"up.":[81],"We":[82],"systematically":[83],"constructed":[84],"its":[85,105],"concepts,":[86],"definitions,":[87],"operations,":[89],"establishing":[90],"it":[91],"as":[92,108,123],"novel":[94],"algebra.":[97],"And":[98],"some":[99],"features":[100],"algebra":[103],"display":[104],"natural":[106],"advantages":[107],"could":[113],"combine":[114],"logicality":[116],"(also":[121],"known":[122],"model)":[126],"flexibility":[129],"This":[133],"provides":[136],"unified":[138],"normative":[140],"perspective":[141],"logic":[142],"for":[143],"organizing":[144],"manipulating":[146],"combines":[148,159],"metadata":[149],"(semantic)":[150],"form":[154],"self-described":[156],"structure,":[157],"index":[160],"realize":[164],"fast":[165],"locating":[166],"correlating.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}