{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157921425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5563875","title":"PPANet: Point\u2010Wise Pyramid Attention Network for Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"PPANet: Point\u2010Wise Pyramid Attention Network for Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157921425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5563875","mag":"3157921425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5563875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5563875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5563875","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007529213","display_name":"Mohammed A. M. Elhassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-3055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A. M. Elhassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-3055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342244","display_name":"Yuxuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-6751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YuXuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069628130","display_name":"Yunyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-1042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009018575","display_name":"Chenxi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-0259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-0259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112746008","display_name":"Jane Y. Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036725547","display_name":"Xingcong Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingcong Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069056157","display_name":"Chenhui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-5451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenhui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-5451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741774","display_name":"Yinuo Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-7967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103986","display_name":"Jingdong (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkjkq64","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yinuo Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jingwei Hirain Technologies Co., Inc, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-7967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jingwei Hirain Technologies Co., Inc, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009018575","https://openalex.org/A5069056157","https://openalex.org/A5100741774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505","https://openalex.org/I4210103986"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.2909,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54134926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9088561534881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.7158631682395935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7034298777580261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5654909014701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.502734899520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4223666787147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.36609894037246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3400602340698242}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9088561534881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7158631682395935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7034298777580261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5654909014701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.502734899520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4223666787147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.36609894037246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3400602340698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5563875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5563875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6555263df5c84f7f988d4053ae8f5c75","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6555263df5c84f7f988d4053ae8f5c75","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5563875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5563875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1685006559","https://openalex.org/W1745334888","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1982825887","https://openalex.org/W2016053056","https://openalex.org/W2089961441","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2113325037","https://openalex.org/W2124592697","https://openalex.org/W2160445453","https://openalex.org/W2167222293","https://openalex.org/W2171943915","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2398512663","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2505004417","https://openalex.org/W2509680863","https://openalex.org/W2521302713","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2607626645","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2759187839","https://openalex.org/W2762439315","https://openalex.org/W2789539512","https://openalex.org/W2799213142","https://openalex.org/W2799217622","https://openalex.org/W2800452261","https://openalex.org/W2802895140","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2886934227","https://openalex.org/W2891529090","https://openalex.org/W2893801697","https://openalex.org/W2900172222","https://openalex.org/W2920895572","https://openalex.org/W2962772649","https://openalex.org/W2963108253","https://openalex.org/W2963418739","https://openalex.org/W2963563573","https://openalex.org/W2963591855","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2966373160","https://openalex.org/W2990253657","https://openalex.org/W2992640244","https://openalex.org/W2993900007","https://openalex.org/W3005390970","https://openalex.org/W3011075597","https://openalex.org/W3011933327","https://openalex.org/W3030515309","https://openalex.org/W3082097505","https://openalex.org/W3083291461","https://openalex.org/W3087050764","https://openalex.org/W3102428500","https://openalex.org/W4239940119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249847449","https://openalex.org/W44395729","https://openalex.org/W2765338038","https://openalex.org/W1496225612","https://openalex.org/W1523500768","https://openalex.org/W2517629151","https://openalex.org/W1566843515","https://openalex.org/W4292850564","https://openalex.org/W2181660907","https://openalex.org/W4386191828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"convolutional":[3],"neural":[4],"networks":[5],"(CNNs)":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8],"at":[9],"the":[10,13,44,86,91,151,164,169],"centre":[11],"of":[12,17,98],"advances":[14],"and":[15,22,62,106,133,139,153,160,163],"progress":[16],"advanced":[18],"driver":[19],"assistance":[20],"systems":[21],"autonomous":[23],"driving.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26,149],"presents":[27],"a":[28,47,53,79,126],"point\u2010wise":[29,101],"pyramid":[30,102],"attention":[31,103],"network,":[32],"namely,":[33],"PPANet,":[34],"which":[35],"employs":[36],"an":[37,107],"encoder\u2010decoder":[38],"approach":[39],"for":[40],"semantic":[41,177],"segmentation.":[42,147,178],"Specifically,":[43],"encoder":[45],"adopts":[46],"novel":[48],"squeeze":[49,61],"nonbottleneck":[50],"module":[51,55,73,105,109,115],"as":[52,78],"base":[54],"to":[56,66,76,84,118,136],"extract":[57],"feature":[58],"representations,":[59],"where":[60],"expansion":[63],"are":[64],"utilized":[65],"obtain":[67],"high":[68],"segmentation":[69,159],"accuracy.":[70],"An":[71],"upsampling":[72],"is":[74,83,116],"designed":[75],"work":[77],"decoder;":[80],"its":[81,173],"purpose":[82],"recover":[85],"lost":[87],"pixel\u2010wise":[88],"representations":[89],"from":[90,130],"encoding":[92],"part.":[93],"The":[94,113,148],"middle":[95],"part":[96],"consists":[97],"two":[99],"parts":[100],"(PPA)":[104],"attention\u2010like":[108],"connected":[110],"in":[111,144,175],"parallel.":[112],"PPA":[114],"proposed":[117,170],"utilize":[119],"contextual":[120],"information":[121],"effectively.":[122],"Furthermore,":[123],"we":[124],"developed":[125],"combined":[127],"loss":[128,132],"function":[129],"dice":[131],"binary":[134],"cross\u2010entropy":[135],"improve":[137],"accuracy":[138],"get":[140],"faster":[141],"training":[142,152],"convergence":[143],"KITTI":[145,157],"road":[146,158,176],"conducted":[150],"testing":[154],"experiments":[155],"on":[156],"Camvid":[161],"datasets,":[162],"evaluation":[165],"results":[166],"show":[167],"that":[168],"method":[171],"proved":[172],"effectiveness":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
