{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163348626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552085","title":"Improved Functional Causal Likelihood-Based Causal Discovery Method for Diabetes Risk Factors","display_name":"Improved Functional Causal Likelihood-Based Causal Discovery Method for Diabetes Risk Factors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163348626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552085","mag":"3163348626","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34055037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5552085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552085","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2021/5552085.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2021/5552085.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006709906","display_name":"Xiue Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5753-1924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiue Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Guangdong 524048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Guangdong 524048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103238471","display_name":"Wenxue Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5968-8095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxue Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101861808","display_name":"Zumin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1194-8203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zumin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027166468","display_name":"Bo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-537X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Guangdong 524048, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-537X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Guangdong 524048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014993611","display_name":"Shengbin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6568-7611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengbin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Guangdong 524048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Guangdong 524048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027166468"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.0814,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42931649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9366000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9212999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.8417553305625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.6427150368690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"Body mass index","score":0.5532358884811401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-structure","display_name":"Causal structure","score":0.5388035774230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-model","display_name":"Causal model","score":0.5338534116744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.5197931528091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4402570426464081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.365054726600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3650498390197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34027087688446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.2786678075790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23093250393867493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology","display_name":"Endocrinology","score":0.15622791647911072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.8417553305625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6427150368690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.5532358884811401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163504300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364925","display_name":"Causal structure","level":2,"score":0.5388035774230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.5338534116744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5197931528091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4402570426464081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.365054726600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3650498390197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34027087688446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2786678075790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23093250393867493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.15622791647911072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015984","descriptor_name":"Causality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015984","descriptor_name":"Causality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015984","descriptor_name":"Causality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016013","descriptor_name":"Likelihood Functions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016013","descriptor_name":"Likelihood Functions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016013","descriptor_name":"Likelihood Functions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020073","descriptor_name":"Gravidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020073","descriptor_name":"Gravidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020073","descriptor_name":"Gravidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5552085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552085","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2021/5552085.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34055037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34055037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and mathematical methods in medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:273637baada34bac85228993fb24d8c8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/273637baada34bac85228993fb24d8c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hindawi.com:10.1155/2021/5552085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400340","display_name":"Hindawi Journal of Chemistry (Hindawi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126990","host_organization_name":"Hindawi (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Research Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8143882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8143882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Math Methods Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5552085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552085","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2021/5552085.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163348626.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163348626.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1863654876","https://openalex.org/W1979318793","https://openalex.org/W2006453420","https://openalex.org/W2008035769","https://openalex.org/W2012212591","https://openalex.org/W2058117698","https://openalex.org/W2065165672","https://openalex.org/W2070161901","https://openalex.org/W2167364371","https://openalex.org/W2306861053","https://openalex.org/W2371294252","https://openalex.org/W2385185089","https://openalex.org/W2606737164","https://openalex.org/W2614057673","https://openalex.org/W2742349112","https://openalex.org/W2758932883","https://openalex.org/W2790989813","https://openalex.org/W2794072374","https://openalex.org/W2883696801","https://openalex.org/W2900341325","https://openalex.org/W2901518318","https://openalex.org/W3011769929","https://openalex.org/W3028274092","https://openalex.org/W3082196018","https://openalex.org/W3108277574","https://openalex.org/W3115744613","https://openalex.org/W3150681944","https://openalex.org/W3176965668","https://openalex.org/W4302423442","https://openalex.org/W6996239267","https://openalex.org/W7045561693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950035905","https://openalex.org/W2072483141","https://openalex.org/W2018580387","https://openalex.org/W3098259173","https://openalex.org/W4312269093","https://openalex.org/W2161504683","https://openalex.org/W3170261037","https://openalex.org/W2753729722","https://openalex.org/W3123305972","https://openalex.org/W2093587551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetes":[0],"mellitus":[1],"is":[2,53],"a":[3,63,121,140,143,155,158,239],"disease":[4],"that":[5,134,152],"has":[6,34],"reached":[7],"epidemic":[8],"proportions":[9],"globally":[10],"in":[11,91,221],"recent":[12],"years.":[13],"Consequently,":[14],"the":[15,28,43,51,58,83,99,127,135,165,170,210,225],"prevention":[16],"and":[17,88,120,176,199,204,235],"treatment":[18],"of":[19,27,45,85,101,146,161,206,212,227],"diabetes":[20,31,68,232,246],"have":[21],"become":[22],"key":[23],"social":[24],"challenges.":[25],"Most":[26],"research":[29],"on":[30,36,74,245],"risk":[32,47,69,233,247],"factors":[33,70,234],"focused":[35],"correlation":[37],"analysis":[38],"with":[39,126,142,157,169],"little":[40],"investigation":[41],"into":[42],"causality":[44,52,243],"these":[46,213],"factors.":[48,248],"However,":[49],"understanding":[50],"also":[54],"essential":[55],"to":[56],"preventing":[57],"disease.":[59],"In":[60,163],"this":[61,111,222],"study,":[62],"causal":[64,78,93,115,136,166,182,214,228],"discovery":[65,116,226],"method":[66],"for":[67,241],"was":[71,96,118,124,216],"developed":[72,128,171,220],"based":[73],"an":[75,102,106,113],"improved":[76],"functional":[77,92],"likelihood":[79,94],"(IFCL)":[80],"model.":[81],"Firstly,":[82],"issue":[84],"excessive":[86],"redundant":[87,175],"false":[89,177],"edges":[90],"structures":[95,167],"resolved":[97],"through":[98],"construction":[100],"IFCL":[103],"model":[104],"using":[105,139,154],"adjustment":[107],"threshold":[108],"value.":[109],"On":[110],"basis,":[112],"IFCL-based":[114],"algorithm":[117,172,219],"designed,":[119],"simulation":[122],"experiment":[123],"performed":[125],"algorithm.":[129],"The":[130,179,218],"experimental":[131],"results":[132],"revealed":[133],"structure":[137],"generated":[138],"dataset":[141,156],"sample":[144,159],"size":[145,160],"2000":[147],"provided":[148],"more":[149],"information":[150],"than":[151],"produced":[153],"768.":[162],"addition,":[164],"obtained":[168],"had":[173],"fewer":[174],"edges.":[178],"following":[180],"six":[181],"relationships":[183,215,229],"were":[184],"identified:":[185],"insulin\u2192plasma":[186],"glucose":[187,190],"concentration,":[188],"plasma":[189],"concentration\u2192body":[191],"mass":[192],"index":[193],"(BMI),":[194],"triceps":[195],"skin":[196],"fold":[197],"thickness\u2192BMI":[198],"age,":[200],"diastolic":[201],"blood":[202],"pressure\u2192BMI,":[203],"number":[205],"times":[207],"pregnant\u2192age.":[208],"Furthermore,":[209],"reasonableness":[211],"investigated.":[217],"study":[223],"enables":[224],"among":[230],"various":[231],"can":[236],"serve":[237],"as":[238],"reference":[240],"future":[242],"studies":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
