{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131395107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5535734","title":"Real\u2010Time System Prediction for Heart Rate Using Deep Learning and Stream Processing Platforms","display_name":"Real\u2010Time System Prediction for Heart Rate Using Deep Learning and Stream Processing Platforms","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131395107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5535734","mag":"3131395107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5535734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5535734","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5535734.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5535734.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101470129","display_name":"Abdullah Alharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1272-436X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059342941","display_name":"Wael Alosaimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-1135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wael Alosaimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026611227","display_name":"Radhya Sahal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8019-9069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31605765","display_name":"Hodeidah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fkpm735","country_code":"YE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31605765"]}],"countries":["YE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radhya Sahal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Hodeidah University, Al Hudaydah, Yemen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Hodeidah University, Al Hudaydah, Yemen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31605765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108016584","display_name":"Hager Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-7107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189575948","display_name":"South Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jxshx33","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hager Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, South Valley University, Hurghada, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-7107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, South Valley University, Hurghada, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108016584"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":2.6311,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89677633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7025983929634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5196419954299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stream-processing","display_name":"Stream processing","score":0.4969222843647003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43367600440979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35707610845565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33372563123703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.10895383358001709}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7025983929634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5196419954299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107027933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2006448","display_name":"Stream processing","level":2,"score":0.4969222843647003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43367600440979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35707610845565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33372563123703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.10895383358001709}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5535734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5535734","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5535734.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:5535734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5535734.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:11d7b541ff6c4d1886f7c93bb795c56f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/11d7b541ff6c4d1886f7c93bb795c56f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5535734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5535734","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5535734.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1215795443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020/231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G304199421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project number (TURSP-2020/231), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7299194679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131395107.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131395107.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992644002","https://openalex.org/W2055211784","https://openalex.org/W2082046021","https://openalex.org/W2112909794","https://openalex.org/W2122966699","https://openalex.org/W2139525669","https://openalex.org/W2761415985","https://openalex.org/W2910830939","https://openalex.org/W2922594471","https://openalex.org/W2979595423","https://openalex.org/W2986550446","https://openalex.org/W2996206732","https://openalex.org/W3043119495","https://openalex.org/W3099553599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3082895349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"heart":[1,8,16,72,83,124,159,178,213],"rate":[2,17,84,125,160,179,214],"causes":[3],"a":[4,67],"risk":[5,85],"of":[6,21,93],"death,":[7],"disease,":[9],"and":[10,41,50,80,100,150,169],"cardiovascular":[11],"diseases.":[12],"Therefore,":[13,63],"monitoring":[14],"the":[15,22,31,76,109,117,164,177,184,190,193,200],"is":[18,128],"critical":[19],"because":[20],"heart\u2019s":[23],"function":[24],"to":[25,29,48,55,115,158,175,189,211],"discover":[26,56],"its":[27],"irregularity":[28],"detect":[30],"health":[32],"problems":[33],"early.":[34],"Rapid":[35],"technological":[36],"advancement":[37],"(e.g.,":[38],"artificial":[39],"intelligence":[40],"stream":[42],"processing":[43],"technologies)":[44],"allows":[45],"healthcare":[46],"sectors":[47],"consolidate":[49],"analyze":[51],"massive":[52],"health\u2010based":[53],"data":[54],"risks":[57],"by":[58],"making":[59],"more":[60],"accurate":[61],"predictions.":[62],"this":[64],"work":[65],"proposes":[66],"real\u2010time":[68],"prediction":[69],"system":[70,91],"for":[71,134],"rate,":[73],"which":[74],"helps":[75],"medical":[77],"care":[78],"providers":[79],"patients":[81],"avoid":[82],"in":[86,180,217],"real":[87],"time.":[88],"The":[89,104,123],"proposed":[90],"consists":[92],"two":[94],"phases,":[95],"namely,":[96],"an":[97,101],"offline":[98,105],"phase":[99,106],"online":[102,165],"phase.":[103],"targets":[107],"developing":[108],"model":[110],"using":[111],"different":[112],"forecasting":[113],"techniques":[114],"find":[116],"lowest":[118],"root":[119],"mean":[120],"square":[121],"error.":[122],"time\u2010series":[126],"dataset":[127],"extracted":[129],"from":[130],"Medical":[131],"Information":[132],"Mart":[133],"Intensive":[135],"Care":[136],"(MIMIC\u2010II).":[137],"Recurrent":[138],"neural":[139],"network":[140],"(RNN),":[141],"long":[142,152],"short\u2010term":[143,153],"memory":[144,154],"(LSTM),":[145],"gated":[146],"recurrent":[147],"units":[148],"(GRU),":[149],"bidirectional":[151],"(BI\u2010LSTM)":[155],"are":[156],"applied":[157],"time":[161],"series.":[162],"For":[163],"phase,":[166],"Apache":[167,170],"Kafka":[168],"Spark":[171],"have":[172],"been":[173,209],"used":[174,210],"predict":[176,212],"advance":[181],"based":[182],"on":[183],"best":[185,201],"developed":[186],"model.":[187],"According":[188],"experimental":[191],"results,":[192],"GRU":[194,204],"with":[195,205],"three":[196,206],"layers":[197,207],"has":[198,208],"recorded":[199],"performance.":[202],"Consequently,":[203],"5":[215],"minutes":[216],"advance.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}