{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158589654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525271","title":"An Improved Artificial Neural Network Model for Effective Diabetes Prediction","display_name":"An Improved Artificial Neural Network Model for Effective Diabetes Prediction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158589654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525271","mag":"3158589654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5525271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525271","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5525271.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5525271.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041169243","display_name":"Muhammad Mazhar Bukhari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43729321","display_name":"National College of Business Administration and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02my4wj17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43729321"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Mazhar Bukhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43729321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043988868","display_name":"Bader Fahad Alkhamees","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-7102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bader Fahad Alkhamees","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-7102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698089","display_name":"Saddam Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-1330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saddam Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT Department, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, KP, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-1330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT Department, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, KP, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043393776","display_name":"Abdu Gumaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-9687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180895376","display_name":"University of Mobile","ror":"https://ror.org/03sswts20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180895376"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdu Gumaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia","Research Chair of Pervasive and Mobile Computing, Department of Information Systems,","Research Chair of Pervasive and Mobile Computing, Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-9687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Chair of Pervasive and Mobile Computing, Department of Information Systems,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180895376"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Chair of Pervasive and Mobile Computing, Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024045810","display_name":"Adel Assiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3678-0956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel Assiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Information Systems Department, College of Business, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3678-0956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Information Systems Department, College of Business, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072148840","display_name":"Syed Sajid Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-0389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Sajid Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT Department, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, KP, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-0389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT Department, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, KP, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043393776","https://openalex.org/A5100698089"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180895376","https://openalex.org/I263208278","https://openalex.org/I28022161"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":27.309,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":147,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99562873,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9261000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7818676233291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5987952351570129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.508525013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42079460620880127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7818676233291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5987952351570129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.508525013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42079460620880127}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5525271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525271","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5525271.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:5525271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5525271.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:02f1c36a149c4be0b6e7e5ec1a99db78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/02f1c36a149c4be0b6e7e5ec1a99db78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5525271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525271","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5525271.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335726","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158589654.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158589654.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021513620","https://openalex.org/W2042173040","https://openalex.org/W2049218134","https://openalex.org/W2101048693","https://openalex.org/W2117465409","https://openalex.org/W2118650529","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2155837945","https://openalex.org/W2292236878","https://openalex.org/W2530972738","https://openalex.org/W2587785477","https://openalex.org/W2763091817","https://openalex.org/W2788381125","https://openalex.org/W2897706133","https://openalex.org/W2904415173","https://openalex.org/W3120740533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"analytics,":[1],"machine":[2],"intelligence,":[3],"and":[4,54,131,192],"other":[5,183],"cognitive":[6],"algorithms":[7],"have":[8],"been":[9],"employed":[10],"in":[11,17,27,36,145,194],"predicting":[12,195],"various":[13,45],"types":[14],"of":[15,22,44,59,68,111,120,143],"diseases":[16],"health":[18],"care.":[19],"The":[20,57,159],"revolution":[21],"artificial":[23,94],"neural":[24,99],"networks":[25],"(ANNs)":[26],"the":[28,37,61,66,109,112,146,156,164,174,182,189,199],"medical":[29,47],"discipline":[30],"emerged":[31],"for":[32],"data\u2010driven":[33],"applications,":[34],"particularly":[35],"healthcare":[38],"domain.":[39],"It":[40],"ranges":[41],"from":[42,150,198],"diagnosis":[43],"diseases,":[46],"image":[48],"processing,":[49],"decision":[50],"support":[51],"system":[52],"(DSS),":[53],"disease":[55,81,197],"prediction.":[56],"intention":[58],"conducting":[60],"research":[62],"is":[63,178],"to":[64,73,103,152,154],"ascertain":[65],"impact":[67],"parameters":[69],"on":[70,122,173],"diabetes":[71,105,196],"data":[72,201],"predict":[74,104],"whether":[75],"a":[76,80,117,123],"particular":[77],"patient":[78],"has":[79],"or":[82],"not.":[83],"This":[84,186],"paper":[85],"develops":[86],"an":[87,93],"improved":[88],"ANN":[89,157],"model":[90],"trained":[91],"using":[92,129,181],"backpropagation":[95],"scaled":[96],"conjugate":[97],"gradient":[98],"network":[100],"(ABP\u2010SCGNN)":[101],"algorithm":[102],"effectively.":[106],"For":[107],"validating":[108],"performance":[110],"proposed":[113],"model,":[114,166],"we":[115],"conduct":[116],"large":[118],"set":[119],"experiments":[121],"Pima":[124],"Indian":[125],"Diabetes":[126],"(PID)":[127],"dataset":[128],"accuracy":[130,172],"mean":[132],"squared":[133],"error":[134],"(MSE)":[135],"as":[136],"evaluation":[137],"metrics.":[138],"We":[139],"use":[140],"different":[141],"number":[142],"neurons":[144],"hidden":[147],"layer,":[148],"ranging":[149],"5":[151],"50,":[153],"train":[155],"models.":[158,185],"experimental":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"that":[163],"ABP\u2010SCGNN":[165],"containing":[167],"20":[168],"neurons,":[169],"attains":[170],"93%":[171],"validation":[175],"set,":[176],"which":[177],"higher":[179],"than":[180],"ANNs":[184],"result":[187],"confirms":[188],"model\u2019s":[190],"effectiveness":[191],"efficiency":[193],"required":[200],"attributes.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
