{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153064530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517062","title":"SPA\u2010Based Modified Local Reachability Density Ratio wSVDD for Nonlinear Multimode Process Monitoring","display_name":"SPA\u2010Based Modified Local Reachability Density Ratio wSVDD for Nonlinear Multimode Process Monitoring","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153064530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517062","mag":"3153064530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5517062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517062","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5517062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5517062.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077759715","display_name":"Zhaojing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6324-9968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaojing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","The Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6324-9968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068292246","display_name":"Weidong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-9243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","The Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-9243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070944178","display_name":"Hong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6490-0249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","The Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6490-0249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045316952","display_name":"Ying Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9626-3360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","The Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9626-3360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068292246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.6939,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68648293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.741791307926178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability","display_name":"Reachability","score":0.6405960917472839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.6198520064353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5900227427482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5760157108306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5596268773078918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-mode-optical-fiber","display_name":"Multi-mode optical fiber","score":0.51801997423172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.46265631914138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.43335703015327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37889528274536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3454088270664215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2983649969100952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.741791307926178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.6405960917472839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.6198520064353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5900227427482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5760157108306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5596268773078918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101645829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781857","display_name":"Multi-mode optical fiber","level":3,"score":0.51801997423172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.46265631914138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.43335703015327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37889528274536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3454088270664215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2983649969100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5517062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517062","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5517062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:5517062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5517062.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0b69bebea1944d6a9ce09ff0c4832b89","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0b69bebea1944d6a9ce09ff0c4832b89","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5517062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517062","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5517062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7464600134","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153064530.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153064530.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W579224717","https://openalex.org/W1659613497","https://openalex.org/W1993186055","https://openalex.org/W2004186751","https://openalex.org/W2012291583","https://openalex.org/W2016003630","https://openalex.org/W2063255184","https://openalex.org/W2072990792","https://openalex.org/W2076997107","https://openalex.org/W2083003257","https://openalex.org/W2100294832","https://openalex.org/W2124191995","https://openalex.org/W2134400676","https://openalex.org/W2144182447","https://openalex.org/W2321185479","https://openalex.org/W2330663646","https://openalex.org/W2522640709","https://openalex.org/W2547908407","https://openalex.org/W2560464596","https://openalex.org/W2588306484","https://openalex.org/W2591027086","https://openalex.org/W2620898306","https://openalex.org/W2741373064","https://openalex.org/W2772641899","https://openalex.org/W2781972678","https://openalex.org/W2790422787","https://openalex.org/W2793056747","https://openalex.org/W2793318872","https://openalex.org/W2805344434","https://openalex.org/W2914868625","https://openalex.org/W2939985247","https://openalex.org/W2940155792","https://openalex.org/W2973514646","https://openalex.org/W2974982900","https://openalex.org/W2983406044","https://openalex.org/W3006828395","https://openalex.org/W3017059686","https://openalex.org/W3020941819","https://openalex.org/W3095658067","https://openalex.org/W3101186237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127267268","https://openalex.org/W2156446763","https://openalex.org/W2136512912","https://openalex.org/W2067910792","https://openalex.org/W2150194458","https://openalex.org/W2143461633","https://openalex.org/W2889071233","https://openalex.org/W4321471459","https://openalex.org/W4221156924","https://openalex.org/W2380814829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"industrial":[1],"processes":[2],"are":[3,116,127],"operated":[4],"in":[5,69,99,104,109],"multiple":[6],"modes":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,40,65,96],"different":[10],"manufacturing":[11],"strategies.":[12],"Multimodality":[13],"of":[14,76,111,123],"process":[15,48,68,133,137],"data":[16,52,81],"is":[17,38,63,90],"often":[18],"accompanied":[19],"with":[20,58,82],"nonlinear":[21,59],"and":[22,43,60,114,121,134],"non\u2010Gaussian":[23,61],"characteristics,":[24],"which":[25,55,105],"makes":[26],"data\u2010driven":[27],"monitoring":[28],"more":[29],"complicated.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32,70],"paper,":[33],"statistics":[34,45],"pattern":[35],"analysis":[36],"(SPA)":[37],"introduced":[39],"extract":[41],"low\u2010":[42],"high\u2010order":[44],"from":[46],"raw":[47],"data.":[49],"Support":[50],"vector":[51],"description":[53],"(SVDD),":[54],"can":[56],"deal":[57],"problems,":[62],"applied":[64],"monitor":[66],"multimode":[67,80],"paper.":[71],"To":[72],"improve":[73],"detection":[74],"performance":[75],"SVDD":[77],"for":[78],"training":[79],"outliers,":[83],"modified":[84],"local":[85,107],"reachability":[86],"density":[87],"ratio":[88],"(mLRDR)":[89],"proposed":[91,125],"as":[92],"a":[93],"weight":[94],"factor":[95],"be":[97],"embedded":[98],"the":[100,106,119,130],"weighted\u2010SVDD":[101],"(wSVDD)":[102],"model,":[103],"neighbors":[108],"terms":[110],"both":[112],"space":[113],"time":[115],"considered.":[117],"Finally,":[118],"effectiveness":[120],"superiority":[122],"our":[124],"method":[126],"demonstrated":[128],"by":[129],"Tennessee\u2010Eastman":[131],"(TE)":[132],"wastewater":[135],"treatment":[136],"(WWTP).":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
