{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3167688006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5499538","title":"Analytic Study of a Novel Color Image Encryption Method Based on the Chaos System and Color Codes","display_name":"Analytic Study of a Novel Color Image Encryption Method Based on the Chaos System and Color Codes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3167688006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5499538","mag":"3167688006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5499538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5499538","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5499538.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5499538.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028079788","display_name":"Shamsa Kanwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-2406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6292670","display_name":"Fatima Jinnah Women University","ror":"https://ror.org/009026n40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6292670"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamsa Kanwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deparment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, e Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","Deparment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deparment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, e Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6292670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deparment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6292670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073344206","display_name":"Saba Inam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3218-1427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6292670","display_name":"Fatima Jinnah Women University","ror":"https://ror.org/009026n40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6292670"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saba Inam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deparment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, e Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","Deparment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deparment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, e Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6292670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deparment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6292670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014913261","display_name":"Omar Cheikhrouhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-3898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Omar Cheikhrouhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["CES Laboratory, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia","CES Laboratory, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CES Laboratory, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CES Laboratory, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026459109","display_name":"Kinza Mahnoor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6292670","display_name":"Fatima Jinnah Women University","ror":"https://ror.org/009026n40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6292670"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kinza Mahnoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deparment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, e Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","Deparment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deparment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, e Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6292670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deparment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6292670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012608509","display_name":"Atef Zaguia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-3391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atef Zaguia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia","College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091127899","display_name":"Habib Hamam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-1012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154799132","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Moncton","ror":"https://ror.org/029tnqt29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154799132"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habib Hamam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Uni de Moncton, Moncton, Canada","International Institute of Technology (IIT), Sfax, Tunisia","International Institute of Technology (IIT), Sfax","Faculty of Engineering, Uni de Moncton, Moncton"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Uni de Moncton, Moncton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154799132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Technology (IIT), Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Technology (IIT), Sfax","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Uni de Moncton, Moncton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154799132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014913261"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":3.2045,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9333538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9097999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaos","display_name":"CHAOS (operating system)","score":0.8607953786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.723336935043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6783102750778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.564041018486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5118945837020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.4755159020423889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.434726357460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33605948090553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32127177715301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.14204955101013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09095451235771179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779374083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011038","display_name":"CHAOS (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.8607953786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.723336935043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6783102750778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.564041018486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5118945837020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.4755159020423889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.434726357460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33605948090553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32127177715301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.14204955101013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09095451235771179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5499538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5499538","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5499538.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:5499538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5499538.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:047c7404f17b449caf631ba01eb5c6fe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/047c7404f17b449caf631ba01eb5c6fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5499538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5499538","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/5499538.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4393481380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Saudi Arabia","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5139891252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020/11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5427904366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020/114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7299194679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7873274849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020/114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3167688006.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3167688006.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1207136572","https://openalex.org/W1948596969","https://openalex.org/W1970660147","https://openalex.org/W2010620862","https://openalex.org/W2015304581","https://openalex.org/W2020039621","https://openalex.org/W2026503049","https://openalex.org/W2032820503","https://openalex.org/W2042467593","https://openalex.org/W2060791695","https://openalex.org/W2063693948","https://openalex.org/W2105145864","https://openalex.org/W2143635665","https://openalex.org/W2174601942","https://openalex.org/W2327139475","https://openalex.org/W2331322161","https://openalex.org/W2463722244","https://openalex.org/W2561696003","https://openalex.org/W2592206357","https://openalex.org/W2741391294","https://openalex.org/W2780870952","https://openalex.org/W2790533449","https://openalex.org/W2913133959","https://openalex.org/W2918038684","https://openalex.org/W2935804727","https://openalex.org/W2955548329","https://openalex.org/W2983793201","https://openalex.org/W3012308848","https://openalex.org/W3012355694","https://openalex.org/W3020901271","https://openalex.org/W3027313811","https://openalex.org/W3036793656","https://openalex.org/W3113195621","https://openalex.org/W3131071241","https://openalex.org/W3149385933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094449439","https://openalex.org/W2386910872","https://openalex.org/W2350671764","https://openalex.org/W1908940738","https://openalex.org/W2375981391","https://openalex.org/W45120566","https://openalex.org/W2361408597","https://openalex.org/W2902041574","https://openalex.org/W4401539526","https://openalex.org/W3210381562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,48,149],"the":[2,5,31,64,75,88,93,97,108,114,128,137,141,145,150,185,190,197],"growing":[3],"of":[4,7,110,140,156,165,174,189],"use":[6],"Internet":[8],"and":[9,27,41,67,179,187],"communication":[10],"media,":[11],"image":[12,51,58,77,142,206,212],"encryption":[13,35,59,78,143,213],"is":[14,23,85,101,107,120,200,215],"rapidly":[15],"increased.":[16],"Image":[17],"sharing":[18],"through":[19],"unsafe":[20],"open":[21],"channels":[22],"vulnerable":[24],"for":[25,91,205],"attacking":[26],"stealing.":[28],"For":[29],"protecting":[30],"images":[32,147],"from":[33],"attacks,":[34],"techniques":[36,44],"are":[37,72],"required.":[38],"Recently,":[39],"new":[40],"efficient":[42],"chaos\u2010based":[43],"have":[45],"been":[46],"suggested":[47],"develop":[49],"secure":[50],"encryption.":[52,207],"This":[53],"study":[54],"presents":[55],"a":[56,124,201],"novel":[57],"framework":[60],"based":[61],"on":[62],"integrating":[63],"chaotic":[65,81,129],"maps":[66],"color":[68,111],"codes.":[69],"Three":[70],"phases":[71],"involved":[73],"in":[74,87],"proposed":[76,134,191,198],"technique.":[79],"Piecewise":[80],"linear":[82],"map":[83,131],"(PWLCM)":[84],"used":[86],"first":[89],"phase":[90,119],"permuting":[92],"digital":[94],"image.":[95,116],"In":[96],"second":[98],"phase,":[99],"substitution":[100],"done":[102],"using":[103],"Hill":[104],"cipher":[105],"which":[106],"mixing":[109],"codes":[112],"with":[113,210],"permuted":[115],"The":[117,133,154,193],"third":[118],"implemented":[121],"by":[122,127],"XORing,":[123],"sequence":[125],"generated":[126],"logistic":[130],"(CLM).":[132],"approach":[135],"enhances":[136],"diffusion":[138],"ability":[139],"making":[144],"encrypted":[146],"resistant":[148],"statistical":[151],"differential":[152],"attacks.":[153],"results":[155],"several":[157],"analyses":[158],"such":[159],"as":[160],"information":[161],"entropy,":[162],"histogram":[163],"correlation":[164],"adjacent":[166],"pixels,":[167],"unified":[168],"average":[169],"changing":[170],"intensity":[171],"(UACI),":[172],"number":[173],"pixel":[175],"change":[176],"rate":[177],"(NPCR),":[178],"peak":[180],"signal\u2010to\u2010noise":[181],"ratio":[182],"(PSNR)":[183],"guarantee":[184],"security":[186],"robustness":[188],"algorithm.":[192],"measurements":[194],"show":[195],"that":[196],"algorithm":[199],"noble":[202],"overall":[203],"solution":[204],"Thorough":[208],"comparison":[209],"other":[211],"algorithms":[214],"also":[216],"carried":[217],"out.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
