{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203198074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5278820","title":"Lightweight Object Detection Ensemble Framework for Autonomous Vehicles in Challenging Weather Conditions","display_name":"Lightweight Object Detection Ensemble Framework for Autonomous Vehicles in Challenging Weather Conditions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203198074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5278820","mag":"3203198074","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34659392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5278820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5278820","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/5278820.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/5278820.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068767089","display_name":"Rahee Walambe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-5231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahee Walambe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India","Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-5231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049866910","display_name":"Aboli Marathe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9872-993X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aboli Marathe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9872-993X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077770842","display_name":"Ketan Kotecha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2653-3780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ketan Kotecha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India","Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2653-3780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084177841","display_name":"Gheorghi\u021b\u0103 Ghinea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2578-5580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Ghinea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brunel University, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2578-5580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brunel University, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077770842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":2.9978,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92465648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":"5278820","last_page":"5278820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7761671543121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.7240830659866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6376404762268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5450549125671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5406050682067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.513892412185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-weather","display_name":"Adverse weather","score":0.5102543830871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48222601413726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4539371430873871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.444318950176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42794060707092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4059566855430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.23241713643074036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7761671543121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.7240830659866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6376404762268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5450549125671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5406050682067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.513892412185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992147540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277161","display_name":"Adverse weather","level":2,"score":0.5102543830871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48222601413726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4539371430873871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.444318950176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42794060707092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4059566855430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.23241713643074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014785","descriptor_name":"Vision, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014785","descriptor_name":"Vision, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014785","descriptor_name":"Vision, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014887","descriptor_name":"Weather","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014887","descriptor_name":"Weather","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014887","descriptor_name":"Weather","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5278820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5278820","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/5278820.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34659392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34659392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/23602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/23602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cc12200868a74e1b8859fdbe81ce32f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cc12200868a74e1b8859fdbe81ce32f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8516532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8516532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Intell Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5278820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5278820","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/5278820.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203198074.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203198074.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1986864914","https://openalex.org/W1998894210","https://openalex.org/W2030290736","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2042966270","https://openalex.org/W2062179223","https://openalex.org/W2098699644","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2112538708","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2127420331","https://openalex.org/W2138068405","https://openalex.org/W2143104527","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2158108973","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2165644552","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2167233733","https://openalex.org/W2172251087","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2225887246","https://openalex.org/W2461384259","https://openalex.org/W2504381649","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2767014298","https://openalex.org/W2772693146","https://openalex.org/W2790253980","https://openalex.org/W2901915390","https://openalex.org/W2911486422","https://openalex.org/W2912203113","https://openalex.org/W2947742306","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963585969","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2963786238","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2964298196","https://openalex.org/W2964444661","https://openalex.org/W2970095196","https://openalex.org/W2988698702","https://openalex.org/W2991138066","https://openalex.org/W3004287531","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3019944284","https://openalex.org/W3034326778","https://openalex.org/W3034959114","https://openalex.org/W3035564946","https://openalex.org/W3044308973","https://openalex.org/W3047375952","https://openalex.org/W3048912793","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3122447121","https://openalex.org/W3160106974","https://openalex.org/W3184246247","https://openalex.org/W3184424762","https://openalex.org/W3210785726","https://openalex.org/W4251708881","https://openalex.org/W4256689909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206357785","https://openalex.org/W4281381188","https://openalex.org/W3192840557","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W4375928479","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3023427754","https://openalex.org/W3131673289","https://openalex.org/W4393011546","https://openalex.org/W2949096641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,75,150,206,236,275],"computer":[1,49],"vision":[2],"systems":[3,302],"driving":[4],"autonomous":[5,79,200,301],"vehicles":[6,80,111,201],"are":[7],"judged":[8],"by":[9],"their":[10],"ability":[11,28],"to":[12,33,61,91,103,107,139,146,179,184,221],"detect":[13,108],"objects":[14,109,223],"and":[15,58,112,135,157,218,232,248,255,267,303],"obstacles":[16],"in":[17,23,48,70,195,202,212,228,242,260,263,272,300],"the":[18,21,36,83,86,92,105,141,168,174,180,188,215,225,229,245,264,273,286,295,305,308,312],"vicinity":[19],"of":[20,29,38,78,85,277,297,307],"vehicle":[22],"diverse":[24],"environments.":[25],"Enhancing":[26],"this":[27,148],"a":[30,67],"self-driving":[31],"car":[32],"distinguish":[34],"between":[35],"elements":[37],"its":[39],"environment":[40],"under":[41,114,128],"adverse":[42,230,265],"conditions":[43,55,116,270],"is":[44,101,144,154,288],"an":[45,210,240],"important":[46],"challenge":[47],"vision.":[50],"For":[51],"example,":[52],"poor":[53],"weather":[54,204,234,269],"like":[56,110,119],"fog":[57,266],"rain":[59,268],"lead":[60],"image":[62,87],"corruption":[63],"which":[64],"can":[65,191],"cause":[66],"drastic":[68],"drop":[69],"object":[71,133,298],"detection":[72,134,299],"(OD)":[73],"performance.":[74],"primary":[76],"navigation":[77],"depends":[81],"on":[82,285],"effectiveness":[84,276],"processing":[88],"techniques":[89,208,238,310],"applied":[90,207,237],"data":[93,137,151,162],"collected":[94],"from":[95,224],"various":[96],"visual":[97],"sensors.":[98],"Therefore,":[99,187],"it":[100],"essential":[102],"develop":[104],"capability":[106],"pedestrians":[113],"challenging":[115],"such":[117],"as":[118,177],"unpleasant":[120],"weather.":[121],"Ensembling":[122],"multiple":[123,278],"baseline":[124,169,216,246,313],"deep":[125],"learning":[126],"models":[127,170,182,217,247],"different":[129],"voting":[130,279],"strategies":[131,280,292],"for":[132,163,199,281],"utilizing":[136],"augmentation":[138,152],"boost":[140],"models'":[142],"performance":[143,306],"proposed":[145],"solve":[147],"problem.":[149],"technique":[153],"particularly":[155],"useful":[156],"works":[158],"with":[159],"limited":[160],"training":[161],"OD":[164,175],"applications.":[165],"Furthermore,":[166],"using":[167],"significantly":[171],"speeds":[172],"up":[173],"process":[176],"compared":[178],"custom":[181],"due":[183],"transfer":[185],"learning.":[186],"ensembling":[189],"approach":[190],"be":[192],"highly":[193],"effective":[194],"resource-constrained":[196],"devices":[197],"deployed":[198],"uncertain":[203],"conditions.":[205,235],"demonstrated":[209,239],"increase":[211,241,294],"accuracy":[213,243],"over":[214,244,311],"were":[219],"able":[220],"identify":[222],"images":[226],"captured":[227],"foggy":[231],"rainy":[233],"reached":[249],"32.75%":[250],"mean":[251],"average":[252,257],"precision":[253,258],"(mAP)":[254],"52.56%":[256],"(AP)":[259],"detecting":[261],"cars":[262],"present":[271],"dataset.":[274],"bounding":[282],"box":[283],"predictions":[284],"dataset":[287],"also":[289],"demonstrated.":[290],"These":[291],"help":[293],"explainability":[296],"improve":[304],"ensemble":[309],"models.":[314]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
