{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162821325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5264090","title":"Key <a:math xmlns:a=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <a:mi>n</a:mi> </a:math>-Gram Extractions and Analyses of Different Registers Based on Attention Network","display_name":"Key <a:math xmlns:a=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <a:mi>n</a:mi> </a:math>-Gram Extractions and Analyses of Different Registers Based on Attention Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162821325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5264090","mag":"3162821325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5264090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5264090","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2021/5264090.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2021/5264090.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091039555","display_name":"Haiyan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-3042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90727586","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/055vj5234","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90727586"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-3042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90727586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414146","display_name":"Ying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-6395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-6395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038518790","display_name":"Shaoyun Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1524-7132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoyun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1524-7132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101590561","display_name":"Qingfeng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-0211"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chengdu Polytechnic, Chengdu 610095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chengdu Polytechnic, Chengdu 610095, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yunlong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8694-3717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8694-3717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100414146"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1050},"apc_paid":{"value":1050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1050},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06351997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9571999907493591,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9348000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6879639625549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram","display_name":"Gram","score":0.5003938674926758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-gram","display_name":"n-gram","score":0.4856654405593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37173646688461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3652632236480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35320836305618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3529033660888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.33941805362701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.1488029956817627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6879639625549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161369605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41803","display_name":"Gram","level":3,"score":0.5003938674926758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117884012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94489","display_name":"n-gram","level":3,"score":0.4856654405593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37173646688461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3652632236480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35320836305618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3529033660888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33941805362701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.1488029956817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5264090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5264090","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2021/5264090.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8539fa294b934bf9a34cca43098e1048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8539fa294b934bf9a34cca43098e1048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5264090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5264090","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2021/5264090.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G281318759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1406300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318547","display_name":"Baidu","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162821325.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162821325.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1533946607","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1946342668","https://openalex.org/W2015469910","https://openalex.org/W2033259210","https://openalex.org/W2053358174","https://openalex.org/W2064418625","https://openalex.org/W2132083787","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2141222516","https://openalex.org/W2482558300","https://openalex.org/W2612912557","https://openalex.org/W2622183274","https://openalex.org/W2728069591","https://openalex.org/W2741040846","https://openalex.org/W2772993019","https://openalex.org/W2785376983","https://openalex.org/W2900814945","https://openalex.org/W2909387675","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2963318411","https://openalex.org/W3003680627","https://openalex.org/W3125537303","https://openalex.org/W4294619053","https://openalex.org/W6630406427","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6640685821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2906970013","https://openalex.org/W3126081632","https://openalex.org/W2088254117","https://openalex.org/W4254593385","https://openalex.org/W2790582133","https://openalex.org/W1901380241","https://openalex.org/W4247016990","https://openalex.org/W2073246449","https://openalex.org/W2789473152","https://openalex.org/W3132255358"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Key":[0],"<a:math":[1],"xmlns:a=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[2],"id=\"M2\">":[3],"<a:mi>n</a:mi>":[4],"</a:math>":[5],"-gram":[6,73,82,105,140,206],"extraction":[7,38,49,74],"can":[8,20,145],"be":[9,187],"seen":[10],"as":[11],"extracting":[12],"<c:math":[13],"xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[14],"id=\"M3\">":[15],"<c:mi>n</c:mi>":[16],"</c:math>":[17],"-grams":[18,178,218],"which":[19,94,183],"distinguish":[21,146],"different":[22],"registers.":[23],"Keyword":[24],"(as":[25],"<e:math":[26],"xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[27],"id=\"M4\">":[28],"<e:mi>n</e:mi>":[29],"<e:mo>=</e:mo>":[30],"<e:mn>1</e:mn>":[31],"</e:math>":[32],",":[33],"1-gram":[34],"is":[35,120,160],"the":[36,47,51,56,87,95,111,123,128,133,155,164,197,211],"keyword)":[37],"models":[39],"are":[40,223],"generally":[41],"carried":[42],"out":[43,185],"from":[44,142,180],"two":[45],"aspects,":[46],"feature":[48],"and":[50,58,90,117,150],"model":[52,75,144,159,222],"design.":[53],"By":[54],"summarizing":[55],"advantages":[57],"disadvantages":[59],"of":[60,157,196,199],"existing":[61],"models,":[62],"we":[63,168,191],"propose":[64],"a":[65,107,147],"novel":[66],"key":[67,134,172,200,212],"<g:math":[68],"xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[69],"id=\"M5\">":[70],"<g:mi>n</g:mi>":[71],"</g:math>":[72],"\u201cattentive":[76],"<i:math":[77],"xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[78],"id=\"M6\">":[79],"<i:mi>n</i:mi>":[80],"</i:math>":[81],"network\u201d":[83],"(ANN)":[84],"based":[85],"on":[86,127,171],"attention":[88,96],"mechanism":[89,97],"multilayer":[91],"perceptron,":[92],"in":[93,106,226],"scores":[98],"each":[99],"<k:math":[100],"xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[101],"id=\"M7\">":[102],"<k:mi>n</k:mi>":[103],"</k:math>":[104],"sentence":[108],"by":[109,122,220],"mining":[110],"internal":[112],"semantic":[113],"relationship":[114],"between":[115],"words,":[116],"their":[118],"importance":[119],"given":[121],"scores.":[124],"Experimental":[125],"results":[126,198],"real":[129],"corpus":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132,210],"<m:math":[135],"xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[136],"id=\"M8\">":[137],"<m:mi>n</m:mi>":[138],"</m:math>":[139],"extracted":[141,179,219],"our":[143,158,221],"novel,":[148],"news,":[149],"text":[151],"book":[152],"very":[153,224],"well;":[154],"accuracy":[156],"significantly":[161],"higher":[162],"than":[163],"baseline":[165],"model.":[166],"Also,":[167],"conduct":[169],"experiments":[170],"<o:math":[173],"xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[174],"id=\"M9\">":[175],"<o:mi>n</o:mi>":[176],"</o:math>":[177],"these":[181],"registers,":[182],"turned":[184],"to":[186],"well":[188],"clustered.":[189],"Furthermore,":[190],"make":[192],"some":[193],"statistical":[194],"analyses":[195],"<q:math":[201],"xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[202],"id=\"M10\">":[203],"<q:mi>n</q:mi>":[204],"</q:math>":[205],"extraction.":[207],"We":[208],"find":[209],"<s:math":[213],"xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[214],"id=\"M11\">":[215],"<s:mi>n</s:mi>":[216],"</s:math>":[217],"explanatory":[225],"linguistics.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
