{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196359452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5047808","title":"IoT Cloud\u2010Based Framework for Face Spoofing Detection with Deep Multicolor Feature Learning Model","display_name":"IoT Cloud\u2010Based Framework for Face Spoofing Detection with Deep Multicolor Feature Learning Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196359452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5047808","mag":"3196359452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5047808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5047808","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/5047808.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/5047808.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036957725","display_name":"Sajad Einy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7923-5253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103703290","display_name":"Sakarya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttnw109","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103703290"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179948855","display_name":"Istanbul Ayd\u0131n University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qsyw664","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179948855"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajad Einy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey","Computer Engineering Department, Sakarya University, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7923-5253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179948855"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Sakarya University, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103703290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075644598","display_name":"Cemil \u00d6z","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9742-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103703290","display_name":"Sakarya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttnw109","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103703290"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cemil Oz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Sakarya University, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9742-6021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Sakarya University, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103703290"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072733191","display_name":"Yahya Dorostkar Navaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-7223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197220011","display_name":"Qazvin Islamic Azad University","ror":"https://ror.org/023kjn321","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I197220011"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yahya Dorostkar Navaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer and Information Technology Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-7223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Information Technology Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197220011"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072733191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197220011"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":1.3895,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81639213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8444844484329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7071620225906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.6475803852081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6055931448936462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replay-attack","display_name":"Replay attack","score":0.5759052634239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5402562022209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5361639857292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5238544940948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5132739543914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chrominance","display_name":"Chrominance","score":0.49935007095336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43537771701812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42567262053489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3304515779018402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3031861186027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2356172502040863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance","display_name":"Luminance","score":0.195591539144516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8444844484329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7071620225906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.6475803852081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6055931448936462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11560541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756025","display_name":"Replay attack","level":3,"score":0.5759052634239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5402562022209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5361639857292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5238544940948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5132739543914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163204269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355263","display_name":"Chrominance","level":3,"score":0.49935007095336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43537771701812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42567262053489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3304515779018402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3031861186027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2356172502040863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.195591539144516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5047808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5047808","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/5047808.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67adb634f5e04aed9408a1507e1d5f4b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67adb634f5e04aed9408a1507e1d5f4b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5047808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5047808","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/5047808.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196359452.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196359452.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487288055","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2003092530","https://openalex.org/W2009451935","https://openalex.org/W2028337883","https://openalex.org/W2039552902","https://openalex.org/W2087281575","https://openalex.org/W2125320497","https://openalex.org/W2151343288","https://openalex.org/W2153678774","https://openalex.org/W2163487272","https://openalex.org/W2174309130","https://openalex.org/W2294605953","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2341318667","https://openalex.org/W2510926985","https://openalex.org/W2578178601","https://openalex.org/W2578517905","https://openalex.org/W2765300765","https://openalex.org/W2780314033","https://openalex.org/W2786055572","https://openalex.org/W2792196801","https://openalex.org/W2793128049","https://openalex.org/W2798097728","https://openalex.org/W2803272491","https://openalex.org/W2883750974","https://openalex.org/W2888286956","https://openalex.org/W2896120010","https://openalex.org/W2901277442","https://openalex.org/W2906368624","https://openalex.org/W2913454363","https://openalex.org/W2963715339","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2978857158","https://openalex.org/W2984802304","https://openalex.org/W2993749345","https://openalex.org/W2998358361","https://openalex.org/W3002624958","https://openalex.org/W3011397579","https://openalex.org/W3016508785","https://openalex.org/W3027446154","https://openalex.org/W3034500918","https://openalex.org/W3046357449","https://openalex.org/W3088430971","https://openalex.org/W3112186053","https://openalex.org/W3126803817","https://openalex.org/W3155203422","https://openalex.org/W4205872420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2281508611","https://openalex.org/W3007059209","https://openalex.org/W4220832730","https://openalex.org/W1688416049","https://openalex.org/W4312120756","https://openalex.org/W3012240659","https://openalex.org/W4288120931","https://openalex.org/W4313224733","https://openalex.org/W2972017669","https://openalex.org/W3005888540"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"face\u2010based":[1],"authentication":[2,31,48],"system":[3,180],"has":[4],"become":[5,41],"an":[6,110,220],"important":[7],"topic":[8],"in":[9,67,132,163,171],"various":[10],"fields":[11],"of":[12,122,154,161,225],"IoT":[13,68],"applications":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"identity":[17],"validation":[18],"for":[19,45,62,128,230],"social":[20],"care,":[21],"crime":[22],"detection,":[23],"ATM":[24],"access,":[25],"computer":[26],"security,":[27],"etc.":[28],"However,":[29],"these":[30,203],"systems":[32,66],"are":[33,96,126],"vulnerable":[34],"to":[35,80,108,147,214],"different":[36],"attacks.":[37],"Presentation":[38],"attacks":[39],"have":[40],"a":[42,58,133],"clear":[43],"threat":[44],"facial":[46],"biometric\u2010based":[47],"and":[49,91,98,112,167,183,196,227,233],"security":[50],"applications.":[51],"To":[52],"address":[53],"this":[54],"issue,":[55],"we":[56],"proposed":[57,137,156,179,208],"deep":[59,72,119,149],"learning":[60,73,150],"approach":[61,74,157],"face":[63,87,124,129,191],"spoofing":[64,130,192],"detection":[65,131],"cloud\u2010based":[69],"environment.":[70,135],"The":[71,136,178,198],"extracted":[75,118],"features":[76,95,121],"from":[77,84],"multicolor":[78],"space":[79],"obtain":[81],"more":[82],"information":[83],"the":[85,101,117,123,155,159,164,176,207,215,231],"input":[86],"image":[88,125],"regarding":[89],"luminance":[90],"chrominance":[92],"data.":[93],"These":[94],"combined":[97],"selected":[99],"by":[100],"Minimum":[102],"Redundancy":[103],"Maximum":[104],"Relevance":[105],"(mRMR)":[106],"algorithm":[107],"provide":[109],"efficient":[111],"discriminate":[113],"feature":[114],"set.":[115],"Finally,":[116],"color\u2010based":[120],"used":[127],"cloud":[134],"method":[138,209],"achieves":[139],"stable":[140],"results":[141,200,212],"with":[142],"less":[143],"training":[144,165,173],"data":[145,174],"compared":[146,213],"conventional":[148],"methods.":[151],"This":[152],"advantage":[153],"reduces":[158],"time":[160],"processing":[162],"phase":[166],"optimizes":[168],"resource":[169],"management":[170],"storing":[172],"on":[175,186,202,219],"cloud.":[177],"was":[181],"tested":[182],"evaluated":[184],"based":[185,201,218],"two":[187],"challenging":[188],"public":[189],"access":[190],"databases,":[193],"namely,":[194],"Replay\u2010Attack":[195,232],"ROSE\u2010Youtu.":[197],"experimental":[199],"databases":[204],"showed":[205],"that":[206],"achieved":[210],"satisfactory":[211],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[216],"methods":[217],"equal":[221],"error":[222],"rate":[223],"(EER)":[224],"0.2%":[226],"3.8%,":[228],"respectively,":[229],"ROSE\u2010Youtu":[234],"databases.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}