{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202315245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4055281","title":"Stock Prediction Based on Optimized LSTM and GRU Models","display_name":"Stock Prediction Based on Optimized LSTM and GRU Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202315245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4055281","mag":"3202315245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/4055281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4055281","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/4055281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/4055281.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047221078","display_name":"Ya Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-2111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137867983","display_name":"Central University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/008e3hf02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ya Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Finance and Taxation, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-2111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Finance and Taxation, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101412171","display_name":"Rong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5368-1829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5368-1829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101138388","display_name":"Enmin Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enmin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047221078"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":17.3857,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":153,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99573877,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11918","display_name":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","score":0.6496400237083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-market","display_name":"Stock market","score":0.6156598329544067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.5967620611190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5964974164962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-price","display_name":"Stock price","score":0.5909608602523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.4348278045654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.41074198484420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3968643546104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36440861225128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.255884051322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08961862325668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.08699837327003479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.6496400237083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780299701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475000","display_name":"Stock market","level":3,"score":0.6156598329544067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5967620611190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5964974164962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988984586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020013","display_name":"Stock price","level":3,"score":0.5909608602523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.4348278045654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.41074198484420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3968643546104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36440861225128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.255884051322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08961862325668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.08699837327003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5905368","display_name":"Horse","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/4055281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4055281","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/4055281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:392384026bc24d7789bfb8e6d5aa8984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/392384026bc24d7789bfb8e6d5aa8984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/4055281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4055281","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/4055281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202315245.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202315245.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986078433","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2144499799","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2209610041","https://openalex.org/W2741051040","https://openalex.org/W2780280166","https://openalex.org/W2801889078","https://openalex.org/W2887963817","https://openalex.org/W2971724044","https://openalex.org/W2980136338","https://openalex.org/W4231546411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370669686","https://openalex.org/W247222457","https://openalex.org/W2887069341","https://openalex.org/W3124131549","https://openalex.org/W3008476150","https://openalex.org/W2152348935","https://openalex.org/W2554106722","https://openalex.org/W1797892342","https://openalex.org/W2344827208","https://openalex.org/W2601854245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stock":[0],"market":[1,42,142],"prediction":[2,77,188],"has":[3],"always":[4],"been":[5],"an":[6],"important":[7,73],"research":[8],"topic":[9],"in":[10,70],"the":[11,15,32,39,44,66,71,76,113,118,134,168,173,180,191],"financial":[12,106],"field.":[13],"In":[14,82,129],"past,":[16],"inventors":[17],"used":[18],"traditional":[19,56],"analysis":[20,57],"methods":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23],"K-line":[24],"diagrams":[25],"to":[26,64],"predict":[27,160],"stock":[28,49,67,92,120,141,161],"trends,":[29],"but":[30],"with":[31],"progress":[33],"of":[34,41,47,98,117,133,136],"science":[35],"and":[36,38,105,108,126,138,156,170],"technology":[37],"development":[40],"economy,":[43],"price":[45,68,121],"trend":[46],"a":[48,87,96,131],"is":[50,59,79],"disturbed":[51],"by":[52],"various":[53,145],"factors.":[54],"The":[55],"method":[58],"far":[60],"from":[61],"being":[62],"able":[63],"resolve":[65],"fluctuations":[69],"hidden":[72],"information.":[74],"So,":[75],"accuracy":[78],"greatly":[80],"reduced.":[81],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"we":[85],"design":[86],"new":[88],"model":[89],"for":[90,140,172],"optimizing":[91],"forecasting.":[93],"We":[94],"incorporate":[95],"range":[97],"technical":[99],"indicators,":[100],"including":[101],"investor":[102],"sentiment":[103],"indicators":[104],"data,":[107],"perform":[109],"dimension":[110,176],"reduction":[111,177],"on":[112],"many":[114],"influencing":[115],"factors":[116],"retrieved":[119],"using":[122,184,193],"depth":[123],"learning":[124],"LASSO":[125,185],"PCA":[127],"approaches.":[128],"addition,":[130],"comparison":[132],"performances":[135],"LSTM":[137,155],"GRU":[139,157],"forecasting":[143],"under":[144],"parameters":[146],"was":[147],"performed.":[148],"Our":[149],"experiments":[150],"show":[151],"that":[152],"(1)":[153],"both":[154,179],"models":[158,183,192],"can":[159],"prices":[162],"efficiently,":[163],"not":[164],"one":[165],"better":[166,187],"than":[167,190],"other,":[169],"(2)":[171],"two":[174,181],"different":[175],"methods,":[178],"neural":[182],"reflect":[186],"ability":[189],"PCA.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
