{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195183386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2775278","title":"Using an Efficient Technique Based on Dynamic Learning Period for Improving Delay in AI-Based Handover","display_name":"Using an Efficient Technique Based on Dynamic Learning Period for Improving Delay in AI-Based Handover","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195183386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2775278","mag":"3195183386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/2775278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2775278","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/2775278.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/2775278.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013169824","display_name":"Saad Ijaz Majid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8659-7818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112276","display_name":"Northern University","ror":"https://ror.org/02at53m79","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112276"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Ijaz Majid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, University of Technology, Nowshera 24100, Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8659-7818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, University of Technology, Nowshera 24100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112276"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101610987","display_name":"Syed Waqar Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-5253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Waqar Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-5253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026828646","display_name":"Safdar Nawaz Khan Marwat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-8920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Safdar Nawaz Khan Marwat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-8920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005561476","display_name":"Abdul Hafeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4458-8606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Hafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jalozai Campus, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Nowshera 24240, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4458-8606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jalozai Campus, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Nowshera 24240, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077729108","display_name":"Haider Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-4105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112276","display_name":"Northern University","ror":"https://ror.org/02at53m79","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112276"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haider Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, University of Technology, Nowshera 24100, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-4105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, University of Technology, Nowshera 24100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112276"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024663222","display_name":"Naveed Jan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-0920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112276","display_name":"Northern University","ror":"https://ror.org/02at53m79","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112276"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naveed Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering Technology, University of Technology, Nowshera 24100, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-0920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering Technology, University of Technology, Nowshera 24100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112276"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024663222"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112276"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":0.5628,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6221201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.8671655654907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.765070915222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.6063894033432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5343771576881409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5226502418518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence-time","display_name":"Coherence time","score":0.47509729862213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-delay","display_name":"Transmission delay","score":0.474435955286026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4175180196762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3399463891983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18146806955337524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.8671655654907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.765070915222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.6063894033432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5343771576881409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5226502418518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47091857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118612","display_name":"Coherence time","level":3,"score":0.47509729862213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108921912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834639","display_name":"Transmission delay","level":3,"score":0.474435955286026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4175180196762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3399463891983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18146806955337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/2775278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2775278","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/2775278.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3581ea7e6b884225a37c5363222e2ccb","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3581ea7e6b884225a37c5363222e2ccb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/2775278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2775278","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/2775278.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195183386.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195183386.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591182554","https://openalex.org/W2009447832","https://openalex.org/W2039240145","https://openalex.org/W2076660972","https://openalex.org/W2094523786","https://openalex.org/W2104991522","https://openalex.org/W2144723957","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2184814841","https://openalex.org/W2283315805","https://openalex.org/W2292194677","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2299676078","https://openalex.org/W2339667469","https://openalex.org/W2434577442","https://openalex.org/W2484215240","https://openalex.org/W2508496315","https://openalex.org/W2534496827","https://openalex.org/W2547350840","https://openalex.org/W2556851635","https://openalex.org/W2575875755","https://openalex.org/W2597836615","https://openalex.org/W2604765471","https://openalex.org/W2612118210","https://openalex.org/W2612871953","https://openalex.org/W2687610941","https://openalex.org/W2739778833","https://openalex.org/W2784208206","https://openalex.org/W2798423711","https://openalex.org/W2808127061","https://openalex.org/W2810674898","https://openalex.org/W2833137168","https://openalex.org/W2873005150","https://openalex.org/W2885896868","https://openalex.org/W2888894951","https://openalex.org/W2889449053","https://openalex.org/W2908595264","https://openalex.org/W2908895302","https://openalex.org/W2911231403","https://openalex.org/W2946081445","https://openalex.org/W2946126546","https://openalex.org/W2947405086","https://openalex.org/W2950115151","https://openalex.org/W2955836954","https://openalex.org/W2964124316","https://openalex.org/W2964323406","https://openalex.org/W2964589226","https://openalex.org/W2966892942","https://openalex.org/W2966901551","https://openalex.org/W2968755894","https://openalex.org/W2969008381","https://openalex.org/W2973598008","https://openalex.org/W2981678258","https://openalex.org/W2995579872","https://openalex.org/W2996850181","https://openalex.org/W2997116729","https://openalex.org/W3001229584","https://openalex.org/W3003915936","https://openalex.org/W3004698598","https://openalex.org/W3006634511","https://openalex.org/W3008214102","https://openalex.org/W3013695985","https://openalex.org/W3022978636","https://openalex.org/W3023850691","https://openalex.org/W3042888391","https://openalex.org/W3082673869","https://openalex.org/W3083490691","https://openalex.org/W3094019951","https://openalex.org/W3098450357","https://openalex.org/W3099043210","https://openalex.org/W3100960951","https://openalex.org/W3103926693","https://openalex.org/W3120427672","https://openalex.org/W3128290931","https://openalex.org/W6910681941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391068471","https://openalex.org/W2353509205","https://openalex.org/W2483068520","https://openalex.org/W2233535506","https://openalex.org/W2383555984","https://openalex.org/W126138426","https://openalex.org/W2076016924","https://openalex.org/W2392170538","https://openalex.org/W2113440915","https://openalex.org/W2376653057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,78,168,191],"future":[1],"high-speed":[2,8],"cellular":[3,14],"networks":[4],"require":[5],"efficient":[6,68],"and":[7,67,87,121,196,214],"handover":[9,50,71],"mechanisms.":[10],"However,":[11,91],"the":[12,104,125,129,142,148,151,189,206,218],"traditional":[13],"handovers":[15],"are":[16,42,52],"based":[17],"upon":[18,188],"measurements":[19],"of":[20,85,95,139,156,176,185],"target":[21,40],"cell":[22],"radio":[23],"strength":[24,224],"which":[25],"requires":[26],"frequent":[27,58],"measurement":[28,32,59],"gaps.":[29],"During":[30],"these":[31],"windows,":[33],"data":[34,137],"transmission":[35],"ceases":[36],"each":[37],"time,":[38],"while":[39],"bearings":[41],"measured":[43],"causing":[44],"serious":[45],"performance":[46,120,183],"degradation.":[47],"Therefore,":[48,112],"prediction-based":[49],"techniques":[51],"preferred":[53],"in":[54,81,98,165,217,225],"order":[55],"to":[56,178,220,227],"eliminate":[57],"windows.":[60],"Thus,":[61],"this":[62,135],"work":[63,127],"proposes":[64],"an":[65,201],"ultrafast":[66],"XGBoost-based":[69],"predictive":[70],"technique":[72,208],"for":[73],"next":[74],"generation":[75],"mobile":[76,99],"communications.":[77],"ML":[79],"algorithm":[80,219],"general":[82],"prefers":[83],"70\u201330%":[84,140],"training":[86,96,114,158,203],"test":[88,169],"data,":[89],"respectively.":[90],"always":[92],"obtaining":[93],"70%":[94],"samples":[97,115],"communications":[100],"is":[101,162],"challenging":[102],"because":[103],"channel":[105],"remains":[106],"correlated":[107],"within":[108,131],"coherence":[109,117,132,145],"time":[110,118,133],"only.":[111],"collecting":[113],"beyond":[116],"limits":[119],"adds":[122],"delay;":[123],"thus,":[124,205],"proposed":[126,152,192],"trains":[128],"model":[130,143,153,193],"where":[134],"fixed":[136],"split":[138],"makes":[141],"exceed":[144],"time.":[146],"Despite":[147],"fact":[149],"that":[150],"gets":[154],"starved":[155],"required":[157],"samples,":[159],"still":[160],"there":[161],"no":[163],"loss":[164],"predication":[166],"accuracy.":[167],"results":[170],"show":[171],"a":[172],"maximum":[173],"delay":[174,195,216],"improvement":[175],"up":[177],"596":[179],"ms":[180],"with":[181,211],"enhanced":[182],"efficiency":[184,198],"68.70%":[186],"depending":[187],"scenario.":[190],"reduces":[194],"improves":[197],"by":[199],"having":[200],"appropriate":[202],"period;":[204],"intelligent":[207],"activates":[209],"faster":[210],"improved":[212],"accuracy":[213],"eliminates":[215],"predict":[221],"mmWaves\u2019":[222],"signal":[223],"contrast":[226],"actually":[228],"measuring":[229],"them.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
