{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193217401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1807509","title":"A Framework to Test Resistency of Detection Algorithms for Stepping\u2010Stone Intrusion on Time\u2010Jittering Manipulation","display_name":"A Framework to Test Resistency of Detection Algorithms for Stepping\u2010Stone Intrusion on Time\u2010Jittering Manipulation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193217401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1807509","mag":"3193217401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1807509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1807509","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/1807509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/1807509.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076183476","display_name":"Lixin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4965-5510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199172307","display_name":"Columbus State University","ror":"https://ror.org/002nf6z37","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199172307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["TSYS School of Computer Science, Columbus State University, Columbus GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TSYS School of Computer Science, Columbus State University, Columbus GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199172307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088671813","display_name":"Jianhua Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2745-8524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199172307","display_name":"Columbus State University","ror":"https://ror.org/002nf6z37","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199172307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["TSYS School of Computer Science, Columbus State University, Columbus GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TSYS School of Computer Science, Columbus State University, Columbus GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199172307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103270691","display_name":"Michael Workman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3151-3143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199172307","display_name":"Columbus State University","ror":"https://ror.org/002nf6z37","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199172307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Workman","raw_affiliation_strings":["TSYS School of Computer Science, Columbus State University, Columbus GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TSYS School of Computer Science, Columbus State University, Columbus GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199172307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036031118","display_name":"Peng\u2010Jun Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7926-5711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng-Jun Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076183476"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199172307"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.4696,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60154083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9077082872390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6672351360321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5794178247451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stepping-stone","display_name":"Stepping stone","score":0.5235252380371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5141027569770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion","display_name":"Intrusion","score":0.5046430826187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3277498483657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.047251105308532715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9077082872390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6672351360321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5794178247451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019463535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7611136","display_name":"Stepping stone","level":3,"score":0.5235252380371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5141027569770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.5046430826187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3277498483657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.047251105308532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1807509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1807509","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/1807509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hindawi.com:10.1155/2021/1807509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1807509","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1807509","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400340","display_name":"Hindawi Journal of Chemistry (Hindawi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126990","host_organization_name":"Hindawi (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Research Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8c9e9a104d91431fab67155010833236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8c9e9a104d91431fab67155010833236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1807509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1807509","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/1807509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6851414390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H98230-20-1-0293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311089","funder_display_name":"National Security Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7845798442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H98230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311089","funder_display_name":"National Security Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311089","display_name":"National Security Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/0047bvr32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312452","display_name":"Columbus State University","ror":"https://ror.org/002nf6z37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193217401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193217401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550624107","https://openalex.org/W1565896516","https://openalex.org/W1602499992","https://openalex.org/W2018522314","https://openalex.org/W2098171501","https://openalex.org/W2099829430","https://openalex.org/W2128945468","https://openalex.org/W2131712672","https://openalex.org/W2139275469","https://openalex.org/W2142014025","https://openalex.org/W2146132533","https://openalex.org/W2146486112","https://openalex.org/W2148275477","https://openalex.org/W2397977104","https://openalex.org/W2526910689","https://openalex.org/W2800806089","https://openalex.org/W2893481719","https://openalex.org/W2902478145","https://openalex.org/W2966689929","https://openalex.org/W2982407593","https://openalex.org/W3012539654","https://openalex.org/W3034692595","https://openalex.org/W3117170236","https://openalex.org/W3135321720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2275421695","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W1984520451","https://openalex.org/W2128818595","https://openalex.org/W2357468538","https://openalex.org/W1577110157","https://openalex.org/W2355007334","https://openalex.org/W2133389611","https://openalex.org/W3107748604"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hackers":[0],"on":[1,113,174,193,214],"the":[2,48,65,85,142],"Internet":[3,40],"usually":[4],"send":[5],"attacking":[6,49],"packets":[7,135],"using":[8,30],"compromised":[9],"hosts,":[10],"called":[11],"stepping\u2010stones,":[12],"in":[13,64],"order":[14],"to":[15,103,132,141,156,165,185,202],"avoid":[16],"being":[17],"detected":[18],"and":[19,45],"caught.":[20],"With":[21],"stepping\u2010stone":[22,61],"attacks,":[23],"an":[24,168,205],"intruder":[25],"remotely":[26],"logins":[27],"these":[28,69],"stepping\u2010stones":[29],"programs":[31],"like":[32],"SSH":[33],"or":[34,153,207],"telnet,":[35],"uses":[36],"a":[37,106,137,183],"chain":[38],"of":[39,54,68,144,188],"hosts":[41],"as":[42,127],"relay":[43],"machines,":[44],"then":[46],"sends":[47],"packets.":[50],"A":[51],"great":[52],"number":[53],"detection":[55,71,96,107,170,189,210],"approaches":[56],"have":[57],"been":[58],"developed":[59],"for":[60,98,109,191],"intrusion":[62],"(SSI)":[63],"literature.":[66],"Many":[67],"existing":[70,150,206],"methods":[72,97],"worked":[73],"effectively":[74],"only":[75],"when":[76],"session":[77,86,114,119,215],"manipulation":[78,115,120,216],"by":[79,89,116,217],"intruders":[80,218],"is":[81,87,101,111,172,212],"not":[82],"present.":[83],"When":[84],"manipulated":[88],"attackers,":[90],"there":[91,147],"are":[92,148],"few":[93],"known":[94],"effective":[95,151],"SSI.":[99],"It":[100],"important":[102],"know":[104],"whether":[105,167,204],"algorithm":[108],"SSI":[110,169,192,209],"resistant":[112,173,213],"attackers.":[117],"For":[118],"with":[121,219],"chaff":[122],"perturbation,":[123],"software":[124],"tools":[125,152],"such":[126],"Scapy":[128],"can":[129,162,199],"be":[130,163,200],"used":[131,164,201],"inject":[133],"meaningless":[134],"into":[136],"data":[138],"stream.":[139],"However,":[140],"best":[143],"our":[145],"knowledge,":[146],"no":[149],"efficient":[154],"algorithms":[155,190],"produce":[157],"time\u2010jittered":[158],"network":[159],"traffic":[160],"that":[161],"test":[166,186,203],"method":[171,211],"intruders\u2019":[175],"time\u2010jittering":[176,194],"manipulation.":[177,195],"In":[178],"this":[179],"paper,":[180],"we":[181],"propose":[182],"framework":[184,198],"resistency":[187],"Our":[196],"proposed":[197],"new":[208],"time\u2010jittering.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}