{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3189337016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1730655","title":"Indoor Visible Light Applications for Communication, Positioning, and Security","display_name":"Indoor Visible Light Applications for Communication, Positioning, and Security","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3189337016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1730655","mag":"3189337016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1730655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1730655","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/1730655.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/1730655.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331362","display_name":"Xiangyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-418X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100344290","display_name":"Lei Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-0082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003379167","display_name":"Xuetao Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4450-2251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuetao Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003379167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":1.2144,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7876418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.9096513986587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7602713108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.7472068667411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5473707318305969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/led-lamp","display_name":"LED lamp","score":0.5168024301528931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5112002491950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-lighting","display_name":"Smart lighting","score":0.5098254084587097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.5040132403373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.46227484941482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19697657227516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.18437910079956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17292162775993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.10882318019866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09011921286582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0856945812702179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.9096513986587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7602713108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.7472068667411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5473707318305969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101271287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553201","display_name":"LED lamp","level":2,"score":0.5168024301528931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5112002491950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105868","display_name":"Smart lighting","level":2,"score":0.5098254084587097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5040132403373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.46227484941482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19697657227516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.18437910079956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17292162775993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.10882318019866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09011921286582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0856945812702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1730655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1730655","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/1730655.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ff68f9739fc4079a9b47418a5369c71","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7ff68f9739fc4079a9b47418a5369c71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1730655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1730655","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/1730655.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6794433950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515011268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7029046433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CQXT21019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321135","funder_display_name":"Chongqing University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321135","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3189337016.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3189337016.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W368270136","https://openalex.org/W2011831153","https://openalex.org/W2013120050","https://openalex.org/W2027781082","https://openalex.org/W2028078039","https://openalex.org/W2040171232","https://openalex.org/W2050304483","https://openalex.org/W2081004296","https://openalex.org/W2081367122","https://openalex.org/W2100303002","https://openalex.org/W2105580634","https://openalex.org/W2109408601","https://openalex.org/W2123564590","https://openalex.org/W2128039230","https://openalex.org/W2130439726","https://openalex.org/W2141722549","https://openalex.org/W2144644352","https://openalex.org/W2166252931","https://openalex.org/W2171785275","https://openalex.org/W2183794822","https://openalex.org/W2275834735","https://openalex.org/W2322823282","https://openalex.org/W2379838048","https://openalex.org/W2509598870","https://openalex.org/W2526689049","https://openalex.org/W2600987196","https://openalex.org/W2611606761","https://openalex.org/W2611843518","https://openalex.org/W2626824834","https://openalex.org/W2734534714","https://openalex.org/W2735394168","https://openalex.org/W2749750670","https://openalex.org/W2753433552","https://openalex.org/W2761790825","https://openalex.org/W2763565886","https://openalex.org/W2763697523","https://openalex.org/W2768361931","https://openalex.org/W2768836648","https://openalex.org/W2773009010","https://openalex.org/W2789847116","https://openalex.org/W2791291678","https://openalex.org/W2802162059","https://openalex.org/W2802344988","https://openalex.org/W2895735188","https://openalex.org/W2898006772","https://openalex.org/W2908549385","https://openalex.org/W2936721700","https://openalex.org/W2947943031","https://openalex.org/W2952124833","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2968250721","https://openalex.org/W2971629117","https://openalex.org/W2977110886","https://openalex.org/W3005591426","https://openalex.org/W3010010189","https://openalex.org/W3016427599","https://openalex.org/W3046127806","https://openalex.org/W3046836028","https://openalex.org/W3088881913","https://openalex.org/W3101359622","https://openalex.org/W3110456070","https://openalex.org/W3116067625","https://openalex.org/W3124303715","https://openalex.org/W3157891444","https://openalex.org/W3162980503","https://openalex.org/W3169421330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921419196","https://openalex.org/W3010238112","https://openalex.org/W199961724","https://openalex.org/W2052505308","https://openalex.org/W2074969721","https://openalex.org/W1594917243","https://openalex.org/W2176411996","https://openalex.org/W3195796671","https://openalex.org/W1996171405","https://openalex.org/W2280661472"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,29,32,73,99],"rapid":[2],"development":[3,102],"of":[4,21,79],"smart":[5],"cities,":[6],"white":[7],"light\u2010emitting":[8],"diodes":[9],"(LEDs)":[10],"are":[11],"widely":[12],"used":[13,41],"in":[14,105],"indoor":[15,43],"lighting":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,39],"their":[19],"characteristics":[20],"energy\u2010saving,":[22],"long":[23],"lifetimes,":[24],"and":[25,46,64,76,90,93,97,101],"low":[26],"cost.":[27],"At":[28],"same":[30],"time,":[31],"high\u2010frequency":[33],"modulated":[34],"LEDs":[35],"allow":[36],"visible":[37,80,106],"light":[38,49,81,107],"be":[40],"for":[42],"communications,":[44],"positioning,":[45],"security.":[47],"Visible":[48],"applications":[50],"have":[51],"many":[52],"advantages,":[53],"such":[54,84],"as":[55,85],"avoiding":[56],"electromagnetic":[57],"interference,":[58],"high":[59],"communication":[60],"speed,":[61],"great":[62],"privacy,":[63],"high\u2010precise":[65],"positioning.":[66,108],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"will":[71],"survey":[72],"application":[74],"prospects":[75],"research":[77],"results":[78],"from":[82],"scenarios":[83],"high\u2010speed":[86],"communication,":[87],"privacy":[88],"security,":[89],"navigation":[91],"localization":[92],"focus":[94],"on":[95],"analyzing":[96],"discussing":[98],"challenges":[100],"trends":[103],"encountered":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
