{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184995653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1607946","title":"FWHT-RF: A Novel Computational Approach to Predict Plant Protein-Protein Interactions via an Ensemble Learning Method","display_name":"FWHT-RF: A Novel Computational Approach to Predict Plant Protein-Protein Interactions via an Ensemble Learning Method","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184995653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1607946","mag":"3184995653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1607946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1607946","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/1607946.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/1607946.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064538645","display_name":"Jie Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-298X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-298X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082172794","display_name":"Liping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-929X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li-Ping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-929X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047290329","display_name":"Chang-Qing Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-8784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Qing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-8784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101527931","display_name":"Zhu\u2010Hong You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-7922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu-Hong You","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-7922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044412210","display_name":"Zhong-Hao Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-8988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong-Hao Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-8988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102952980","display_name":"Jing-Yu Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2337-6217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing-Yu Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2337-6217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082172794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2000},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2000},"fwci":0.5181,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61066556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11882","display_name":"Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11882","display_name":"Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9625999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6992572546005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6291030645370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6050887107849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5709288120269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5243507027626038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.45932289958000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43211230635643005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6992572546005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6291030645370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6050887107849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5709288120269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5243507027626038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.45932289958000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43211230635643005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1607946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1607946","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/1607946.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1536ae9ceac24dc6be74a7e3647c85b5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1536ae9ceac24dc6be74a7e3647c85b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1607946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1607946","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2021/1607946.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5228271564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G82793888","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61722212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8534368352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61722212 and 62002297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184995653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184995653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39841154","https://openalex.org/W1191482210","https://openalex.org/W1487173686","https://openalex.org/W1588544668","https://openalex.org/W1779006005","https://openalex.org/W1846298089","https://openalex.org/W1908003260","https://openalex.org/W1954740779","https://openalex.org/W1969051510","https://openalex.org/W2021312899","https://openalex.org/W2031614119","https://openalex.org/W2043924719","https://openalex.org/W2044523575","https://openalex.org/W2103286638","https://openalex.org/W2110845720","https://openalex.org/W2116027790","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2133040221","https://openalex.org/W2139399084","https://openalex.org/W2150757437","https://openalex.org/W2157909952","https://openalex.org/W2159788203","https://openalex.org/W2165253681","https://openalex.org/W2170163275","https://openalex.org/W2200598316","https://openalex.org/W2347153915","https://openalex.org/W2417999172","https://openalex.org/W2523393223","https://openalex.org/W2592644437","https://openalex.org/W2593914038","https://openalex.org/W2611604995","https://openalex.org/W2615066396","https://openalex.org/W2618265628","https://openalex.org/W2791541266","https://openalex.org/W2793344725","https://openalex.org/W2793721892","https://openalex.org/W2804331675","https://openalex.org/W2839880572","https://openalex.org/W2883387735","https://openalex.org/W2890911678","https://openalex.org/W2917858269","https://openalex.org/W2989250777","https://openalex.org/W3104395038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601157893","https://openalex.org/W2373006798","https://openalex.org/W2131735617","https://openalex.org/W2056912418","https://openalex.org/W2033213769","https://openalex.org/W4312376745","https://openalex.org/W2136016640","https://openalex.org/W2049538278","https://openalex.org/W2886173746","https://openalex.org/W4200043248"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Protein-protein":[0],"interactions":[1],"(PPIs)":[2],"in":[3,20,44,57,193,212],"plants":[4,58],"are":[5,23,70,129],"crucial":[6],"for":[7,108,131],"understanding":[8],"biological":[9],"processes.":[10],"Although":[11],"high-throughput":[12],"techniques":[13],"produced":[14,111],"valuable":[15],"information":[16,62,96],"to":[17,36,41,54,87,93,208],"identify":[18],"PPIs":[19,43,56,211],"plants,":[21],"they":[22],"usually":[24],"expensive,":[25],"inefficient,":[26],"and":[27,110,127,134,147,167,188],"extremely":[28],"time-consuming.":[29],"Hence,":[30],"there":[31],"is":[32,85,106],"an":[33],"urgent":[34],"need":[35],"develop":[37],"novel":[38,52],"computational":[39],"methods":[40],"predict":[42,55,209],"plants.":[45,213],"In":[46,117],"this":[47,118,122],"article,":[48],"we":[49,120,178],"proposed":[50],"a":[51,112,204],"approach":[53,123],"only":[59],"using":[60,156],"the":[61,79,101,151,173,182],"of":[63,97,114,154,176],"protein":[64,68],"sequences.":[65],"Specifically,":[66],"plants\u2019":[67,142],"sequences":[69],"first":[71],"converted":[72],"as":[73,162,164],"position-specific":[74],"scoring":[75],"matrix":[76],"(PSSM);":[77],"then,":[78],"fast":[80],"Walsh\u2013Hadamard":[81],"transform":[82],"(FWHT)":[83],"algorithm":[84],"used":[86,130],"extract":[88],"feature":[89,132],"vectors":[90],"from":[91],"PSSM":[92],"obtain":[94],"evolutionary":[95],"plant":[98],"proteins.":[99],"Lastly,":[100],"rotation":[102],"forest":[103],"(RF)":[104],"classifier":[105,192],"trained":[107],"prediction":[109],"series":[113],"evaluation":[115],"results.":[116],"work,":[119],"named":[121],"FWHT-RF":[124,139,155,201],"because":[125],"FWHT":[126],"RF":[128],"extraction":[133],"classification,":[135],"respectively.":[136,169],"When":[137],"applying":[138],"on":[140],"three":[141],"PPI":[143],"datasets":[144],"Maize,":[145],"Rice,":[146],"Arabidopsis":[148],"thaliana":[149],"(Arabidopsis),":[150],"average":[152],"accuracies":[153],"5-fold":[157],"cross":[158],"validation":[159],"were":[160],"achieved":[161],"high":[163],"95.20%,":[165],"94.42%,":[166],"83.85%,":[168],"To":[170],"further":[171],"evaluate":[172],"predictive":[174],"power":[175],"FWHT-RF,":[177],"compared":[179],"it":[180],"with":[181],"state-of-art":[183],"support":[184],"vector":[185],"machine":[186],"(SVM)":[187],"K-nearest":[189],"neighbor":[190],"(KNN)":[191],"different":[194],"aspects.":[195],"The":[196],"experimental":[197],"results":[198],"demonstrated":[199],"that":[200],"can":[202],"be":[203],"useful":[205],"supplementary":[206],"method":[207],"potential":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}