{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204196776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1565567","title":"Accurate and Contactless Vital Sign Detection in Short Time Window with 24\u2009GHz Doppler Radar","display_name":"Accurate and Contactless Vital Sign Detection in Short Time Window with 24\u2009GHz Doppler Radar","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204196776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1565567","mag":"3204196776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1565567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1565567","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/1565567.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/1565567.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033338464","display_name":"Yu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2605-2816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100759718","display_name":"Qi LI","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-184X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047527610","display_name":"Zhenzhou Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7997-6038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhou Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033338464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.4231,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57636093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11867","display_name":"Traumatic Ocular and Foreign Body Injuries","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.7601975202560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.7138083577156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6556973457336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-radar","display_name":"Doppler radar","score":0.6418659687042236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.596752405166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5701462030410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.410689115524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3833046853542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26872438192367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24290543794631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17685449123382568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7601975202560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7138083577156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6556973457336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334213","display_name":"Doppler radar","level":3,"score":0.6418659687042236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.596752405166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5701462030410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.410689115524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3833046853542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26872438192367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24290543794631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17685449123382568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1565567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1565567","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/1565567.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9a9e4a13229448bcbf2439884e4c377d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9a9e4a13229448bcbf2439884e4c377d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1565567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1565567","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2021/1565567.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G723825863","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY19F010010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204196776.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204196776.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1968148105","https://openalex.org/W2016449021","https://openalex.org/W2048249809","https://openalex.org/W2090269566","https://openalex.org/W2100210993","https://openalex.org/W2114754826","https://openalex.org/W2159736731","https://openalex.org/W2161739261","https://openalex.org/W2328453345","https://openalex.org/W2344494366","https://openalex.org/W2493223723","https://openalex.org/W2567410715","https://openalex.org/W2589080694","https://openalex.org/W2592018951","https://openalex.org/W2599466246","https://openalex.org/W2602005861","https://openalex.org/W2763000551","https://openalex.org/W2765290462","https://openalex.org/W2765977226","https://openalex.org/W2766075711","https://openalex.org/W2782837544","https://openalex.org/W2783758433","https://openalex.org/W2789712770","https://openalex.org/W2889198312","https://openalex.org/W2894956427","https://openalex.org/W2953550083","https://openalex.org/W2969595274","https://openalex.org/W2971601803","https://openalex.org/W2995516697","https://openalex.org/W2997465503","https://openalex.org/W3010757988","https://openalex.org/W3111034493","https://openalex.org/W4252386223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978025251","https://openalex.org/W2361241744","https://openalex.org/W2086314607","https://openalex.org/W2235285389","https://openalex.org/W4252012301","https://openalex.org/W2581209175","https://openalex.org/W2532305960","https://openalex.org/W2900664875","https://openalex.org/W2022955050","https://openalex.org/W2944876982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breathing":[0],"and":[1,54,64,123,148,174,194,199],"heartbeat":[2,149,175,195],"are":[3,150],"critical":[4],"vital":[5,20,34],"signs":[6],"which":[7,133],"reflect":[8],"the":[9,19,49,61,65,76,85,101,107,116,143,153,157,166,183,188],"health":[10],"status":[11],"of":[12,57,78,110,129,146,156,192],"human":[13],"beings.":[14],"Aiming":[15],"to":[16,83,99,138],"accurately":[17,170],"measure":[18,171],"sign":[21,35],"in":[22,60,104,206],"short":[23,179],"time":[24,50,136,180,186],"window,":[25,187],"a":[26,40,178],"novel":[27],"signal":[28],"processing":[29],"method":[30,45,168],"for":[31],"Doppler":[32],"radar":[33],"detection":[36],"is":[37,113],"proposed.":[38,73],"Firstly,":[39],"two\u2010step":[41],"I/Q":[42,58,118],"mismatch":[43],"correction":[44],"which,":[46],"respectively,":[47,202],"estimates":[48],"invariant":[51],"phase":[52],"imbalance":[53],"gain":[55],"ratio":[56],"channels":[59],"calibration":[62],"step":[63],"direct\u2010current":[66],"offsets":[67],"during":[68],"normal":[69],"operation":[70],"has":[71],"been":[72],"By":[74],"decreasing":[75],"number":[77],"estimation":[79],"parameters":[80,86,145],"from":[81,115],"5":[82],"2,":[84],"can":[87,169],"be":[88],"effectively":[89],"estimated":[90],"with":[91,177],"data":[92],"distributed":[93],"over":[94],"shorter":[95],"arc":[96],"lengths.":[97],"Then,":[98],"solve":[100],"discontinuity":[102],"occurred":[103],"arctangent":[105],"demodulation,":[106],"displacement":[108],"information":[109],"chest":[111],"movement":[112],"extracted":[114],"calibrated":[117],"signals":[119],"by":[120,152],"extended":[121],"differentiate":[122],"cross":[124],"multiply":[125],"algorithm.":[126,160],"Finally,":[127],"instead":[128],"Fourier":[130],"transform\u2010based":[131],"methods":[132],"require":[134],"long":[135],"windows":[137],"guarantee":[139],"sufficient":[140],"frequency":[141],"resolution,":[142],"optimal":[144],"respiration":[147,193],"found":[151],"intelligent":[154],"search":[155],"differential":[158],"evolution":[159],"The":[161],"experimental":[162],"results":[163],"show":[164],"that":[165],"proposed":[167],"respiratory":[172],"rate":[173,176],"window.":[181],"For":[182],"8":[184],"s":[185],"mean":[189],"absolute":[190],"errors":[191],"were":[196],"0.52":[197],"bpm":[198],"0.79":[200],"bpm,":[201],"demonstrating":[203],"its":[204],"promise":[205],"real\u2010time":[207],"applications.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
