{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193938195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1051172","title":"An Improved Stacked Autoencoder for Metabolomic Data Classification","display_name":"An Improved Stacked Autoencoder for Metabolomic Data Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193938195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1051172","mag":"3193938195","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34434226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1051172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1051172","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/1051172.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/1051172.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101532634","display_name":"Xiaojing Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6989-7408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108743333","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities","ror":"https://ror.org/04cwap208","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108743333"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojing Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108743333"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000108845","display_name":"Xiye Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108743333","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities","ror":"https://ror.org/04cwap208","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108743333"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiye Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108743333"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049630943","display_name":"Mingyang Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1127-4838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108743333","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities","ror":"https://ror.org/04cwap208","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108743333"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingyang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108743333"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047054776","display_name":"Zhili Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-8486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108743333","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities","ror":"https://ror.org/04cwap208","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108743333"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhili Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108743333"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046972347","display_name":"Shicheng Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108743333","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities","ror":"https://ror.org/04cwap208","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108743333"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shicheng Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108743333"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047054776","https://openalex.org/A5049630943"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108743333"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":1.9052,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86138144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":"1051172","last_page":"1051172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10836","display_name":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11709","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8567585945129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.610908031463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5804017186164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolomics","display_name":"Metabolomics","score":0.5756003856658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5704890489578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5659819841384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.5198943614959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.44183552265167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4317837655544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3616258502006531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33599525690078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2970810532569885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.16307935118675232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07196739315986633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8567585945129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.610908031463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5804017186164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21565614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12149006","display_name":"Metabolomics","level":2,"score":0.5756003856658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5704890489578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5659819841384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.5198943614959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.44183552265167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4317837655544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3616258502006531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33599525690078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2970810532569885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.16307935118675232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07196739315986633}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055432","descriptor_name":"Metabolomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055432","descriptor_name":"Metabolomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055432","descriptor_name":"Metabolomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1051172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1051172","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/1051172.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34434226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34434226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:23d2d77d71a14b759295fad539c83004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/23d2d77d71a14b759295fad539c83004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8382558","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8382558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Intell Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/1051172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1051172","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2021/1051172.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1029140333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NMDYB19060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327830","funder_display_name":"Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1160192495","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NJYT-19-B18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327830","funder_display_name":"Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1783477723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NMDYB19060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324795","funder_display_name":"Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3286550029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BS603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327830","funder_display_name":"Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3902286698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019MS08036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4267544319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021LHMS06007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G621187173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018A01027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327830","funder_display_name":"Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6975632728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020GG0190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327830","funder_display_name":"Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7049400938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BS603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324795","funder_display_name":"Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7652618818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BS543","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327830","funder_display_name":"Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8085600216","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BS543","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324795","funder_display_name":"Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8457598700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327830","funder_display_name":"Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8699692389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019MS08036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327830","funder_display_name":"Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8722498559","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NJZY20112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327830","funder_display_name":"Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8920453902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021LHMS06007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327830","funder_display_name":"Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322216","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324795","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities","ror":"https://ror.org/04cwap208"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327830","display_name":"Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193938195.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193938195.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71081281","https://openalex.org/W2009299100","https://openalex.org/W2066827579","https://openalex.org/W2106383910","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2132066552","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2169779482","https://openalex.org/W2295159290","https://openalex.org/W2565471777","https://openalex.org/W2570372911","https://openalex.org/W2590875575","https://openalex.org/W2767582147","https://openalex.org/W2781246871","https://openalex.org/W2792165586","https://openalex.org/W2797883881","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2946791964","https://openalex.org/W2980773467","https://openalex.org/W2991044700","https://openalex.org/W3025831443","https://openalex.org/W3027896077","https://openalex.org/W3047593896","https://openalex.org/W3047644140","https://openalex.org/W4300030964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2752972570","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W2909431601","https://openalex.org/W4294770367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Naru3":[0],"(NR)":[1],"is":[2,18,45],"a":[3,33,52],"traditional":[4,27],"Mongolian":[5],"medicine":[6],"with":[7,137],"high":[8,34],"clinical":[9],"efficacy":[10],"and":[11,38,42,88,109,148,173,179,191],"low":[12],"incidence":[13],"of":[14,26,55,139,176],"side":[15],"effects.":[16],"Metabolomics":[17],"an":[19,70,81,187,192],"approach":[20],"that":[21],"can":[22],"facilitate":[23],"the":[24,90,95,102,110,119,131,140,161,168,177],"development":[25],"drugs.":[28],"However,":[29],"metabolomic":[30,59,76,92,196],"data":[31,77,93,104,112,181,197],"have":[32,51,61],"throughput,":[35],"sparse,":[36],"high-dimensional,":[37],"small":[39],"sample":[40],"nature,":[41],"their":[43],"classification":[44,162],"challenging.":[46],"Although":[47],"deep":[48,57],"learning":[49],"methods":[50],"wide":[53],"range":[54],"applications,":[56],"learning-based":[58],"studies":[60],"not":[62],"been":[63],"widely":[64],"performed.":[65],"We":[66,79,184],"aimed":[67],"to":[68,159],"develop":[69],"improved":[71,193],"stacked":[72],"autoencoder":[73],"(SAE)":[74],"for":[75,107,115,122,195],"classification.":[78,198],"established":[80,186],"NR-treated":[82],"rheumatoid":[83],"arthritis":[84],"(RA)":[85],"mouse":[86],"model":[87,190],"classified":[89,130],"obtained":[91],"using":[94],"Hessian-free":[96],"SAE":[97,151,194],"(HF-SAE)":[98],"algorithm.":[99],"During":[100],"training,":[101],"unlabeled":[103],"were":[105,113,135,182],"used":[106,114,158],"pretraining,":[108],"labeled":[111],"fine-tuning":[116,166],"based":[117],"on":[118],"HF":[120],"algorithm":[121,128],"gradient":[123,149],"descent":[124,150],"optimization.":[125],"The":[126,133],"hybrid":[127],"successfully":[129,185],"data.":[132],"results":[134],"compared":[136],"those":[138],"support":[141],"vector":[142],"machine":[143],"(SVM),":[144],"<i>k</i>-nearest":[145],"neighbor":[146],"(KNN),":[147],"(GD-SAE)":[152],"algorithms.":[153],"A":[154],"five-fold":[155],"cross-validation":[156],"was":[157],"complete":[160],"experiment.":[163],"In":[164],"each":[165],"process,":[167],"mean":[169],"square":[170],"error":[171],"(MSE)":[172],"misclassification":[174],"rates":[175],"training":[178],"test":[180],"recorded.":[183],"NR":[188],"animal":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
