{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997613820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9628281","title":"Noninvasive Glucose Measurement Using Machine Learning and Neural Network Methods and Correlation with Heart Rate Variability","display_name":"Noninvasive Glucose Measurement Using Machine Learning and Neural Network Methods and Correlation with Heart Rate Variability","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997613820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9628281","mag":"2997613820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/9628281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9628281","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2020/9628281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2020/9628281.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005558317","display_name":"Marjan Gu\u0161ev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0351-9783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76245029","display_name":"Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje","ror":"https://ror.org/02wk2vx54","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}],"countries":["MK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marjan Gusev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010868918","display_name":"Lidija Poposka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-6828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76245029","display_name":"Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje","ror":"https://ror.org/02wk2vx54","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}],"countries":["MK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lidija Poposka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048179863","display_name":"Gjoko Spasevski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76245029","display_name":"Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje","ror":"https://ror.org/02wk2vx54","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}],"countries":["MK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gjoko Spasevski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076470491","display_name":"Magdalena Kostoska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-6739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76245029","display_name":"Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje","ror":"https://ror.org/02wk2vx54","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}],"countries":["MK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magdalena Kostoska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028296020","display_name":"Bojana Koteska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6118-9044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76245029","display_name":"Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje","ror":"https://ror.org/02wk2vx54","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}],"countries":["MK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bojana Koteska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073282867","display_name":"Monika Simjanoska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5028-3841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76245029","display_name":"Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje","ror":"https://ror.org/02wk2vx54","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}],"countries":["MK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monika Simjanoska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049841184","display_name":"Nevena Ackovska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8990-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76245029","display_name":"Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje","ror":"https://ror.org/02wk2vx54","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}],"countries":["MK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nevena Ackovska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026751295","display_name":"Aleksandar Stojmenski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7842-0862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76245029","display_name":"Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje","ror":"https://ror.org/02wk2vx54","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}],"countries":["MK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandar Stojmenski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113510413","display_name":"J.F. Tasi\u010d","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jurij Tasic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovation Technologies, Sevnica, Slovenia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Technologies, Sevnica, Slovenia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054479916","display_name":"Janez Trontelj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2310-3120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janez Trontelj","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005558317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":8.6635,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98498555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6828137636184692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.585128664970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5281011462211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5258917212486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.48835107684135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4872104525566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47673213481903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.44342154264450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.351158082485199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21975260972976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology","display_name":"Endocrinology","score":0.09352391958236694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6828137636184692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.585128664970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5281011462211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5258917212486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.48835107684135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4872104525566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47673213481903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.44342154264450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.351158082485199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21975260972976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.09352391958236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/9628281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9628281","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2020/9628281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:af8a4d10c58f4c0082df2614c4a70a5d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/af8a4d10c58f4c0082df2614c4a70a5d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/9628281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9628281","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2020/9628281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997613820.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997613820.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103326292","https://openalex.org/W580580095","https://openalex.org/W1495711235","https://openalex.org/W1542424866","https://openalex.org/W1967397740","https://openalex.org/W1969713480","https://openalex.org/W1974433810","https://openalex.org/W1975209404","https://openalex.org/W1975243918","https://openalex.org/W1981384766","https://openalex.org/W1981525947","https://openalex.org/W1984089858","https://openalex.org/W1985034572","https://openalex.org/W1987418288","https://openalex.org/W1992119798","https://openalex.org/W1993964679","https://openalex.org/W1995984817","https://openalex.org/W1999022378","https://openalex.org/W2009177416","https://openalex.org/W2016359230","https://openalex.org/W2017579299","https://openalex.org/W2018364721","https://openalex.org/W2018584517","https://openalex.org/W2025612977","https://openalex.org/W2026624309","https://openalex.org/W2026692503","https://openalex.org/W2032146310","https://openalex.org/W2033049512","https://openalex.org/W2034832817","https://openalex.org/W2041475467","https://openalex.org/W2043928972","https://openalex.org/W2063500096","https://openalex.org/W2065540589","https://openalex.org/W2067514854","https://openalex.org/W2071490661","https://openalex.org/W2073134285","https://openalex.org/W2073756357","https://openalex.org/W2073878468","https://openalex.org/W2075297164","https://openalex.org/W2085778115","https://openalex.org/W2086709218","https://openalex.org/W2087472946","https://openalex.org/W2088032108","https://openalex.org/W2093133717","https://openalex.org/W2096455364","https://openalex.org/W2104139011","https://openalex.org/W2111411988","https://openalex.org/W2111485734","https://openalex.org/W2114311742","https://openalex.org/W2121778355","https://openalex.org/W2122413607","https://openalex.org/W2122479909","https://openalex.org/W2131405231","https://openalex.org/W2132591870","https://openalex.org/W2135335742","https://openalex.org/W2138838821","https://openalex.org/W2139729200","https://openalex.org/W2142534938","https://openalex.org/W2144482792","https://openalex.org/W2146541091","https://openalex.org/W2147984958","https://openalex.org/W2150894223","https://openalex.org/W2154700882","https://openalex.org/W2156387998","https://openalex.org/W2161343343","https://openalex.org/W2161430640","https://openalex.org/W2162410610","https://openalex.org/W2163244244","https://openalex.org/W2163850005","https://openalex.org/W2168226757","https://openalex.org/W2169659546","https://openalex.org/W2178117222","https://openalex.org/W2285072859","https://openalex.org/W2394922069","https://openalex.org/W2437812994","https://openalex.org/W2468216542","https://openalex.org/W2472564714","https://openalex.org/W2531360255","https://openalex.org/W2561695292","https://openalex.org/W2571597664","https://openalex.org/W2576160782","https://openalex.org/W2583633419","https://openalex.org/W2594844894","https://openalex.org/W2607347870","https://openalex.org/W2609213805","https://openalex.org/W2609703666","https://openalex.org/W2618217557","https://openalex.org/W2620033650","https://openalex.org/W2743114258","https://openalex.org/W2748418660","https://openalex.org/W2750918592","https://openalex.org/W2759190050","https://openalex.org/W2759803124","https://openalex.org/W2770113989","https://openalex.org/W2770180706","https://openalex.org/W2770616601","https://openalex.org/W2777902109","https://openalex.org/W2782003898","https://openalex.org/W2800767950","https://openalex.org/W2800880550","https://openalex.org/W2802534410","https://openalex.org/W2886540087","https://openalex.org/W2914059200","https://openalex.org/W3092065440","https://openalex.org/W4214774002","https://openalex.org/W4229629337","https://openalex.org/W4243841175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012531322","https://openalex.org/W2785900585","https://openalex.org/W2353730437","https://openalex.org/W2490303674","https://openalex.org/W2609066826","https://openalex.org/W2348573424","https://openalex.org/W2810752900","https://openalex.org/W3186538219","https://openalex.org/W2365677836","https://openalex.org/W3080453316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetes":[0],"is":[1,10,20,40],"one":[2],"of":[3,16,36],"today\u2019s":[4],"greatest":[5],"global":[6],"problems,":[7],"and":[8,28,52,56,74,97,109,113,119,125],"it":[9],"only":[11],"becoming":[12],"bigger.":[13],"Constant":[14],"measuring":[15,39],"blood":[17,26],"glucose":[18,25,37,71],"level":[19,27,38],"a":[21,62,122],"prerequisite":[22],"for":[23],"monitoring":[24],"establishing":[29],"diabetes":[30],"treatment":[31],"procedures.":[32],"The":[33],"usual":[34],"way":[35],"by":[41],"an":[42],"invasive":[43],"procedure":[44],"that":[45],"requires":[46],"finger":[47],"pricking":[48],"with":[49,115],"the":[50,103],"lancet":[51],"might":[53],"become":[54],"painful":[55],"obeying,":[57],"especially":[58],"if":[59],"this":[60,66],"becomes":[61],"daily":[63],"routine.":[64],"In":[65],"study,":[67],"we":[68],"analyze":[69],"noninvasive":[70],"measurement":[72,95],"approaches":[73],"present":[75],"several":[76],"classification":[77],"dimensions":[78],"according":[79],"to":[80,99],"different":[81],"criteria:":[82],"size,":[83],"invasiveness,":[84],"analyzed":[85],"media,":[86],"sensing":[87],"properties,":[88],"applied":[89],"method,":[90],"activation":[91],"type,":[92],"response":[93],"delay,":[94],"duration,":[96],"access":[98],"results.":[100],"We":[101],"set":[102],"focus":[104],"on":[105],"using":[106],"machine":[107],"learning":[108],"neural":[110],"network":[111],"methods":[112],"correlation":[114],"heart":[116],"rate":[117],"variability":[118],"electrocardiogram,":[120],"as":[121],"new":[123],"research":[124],"development":[126],"trend.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
