{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046820942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8870734","title":"A Minimum Defense Cost Calculation Method for Attack Defense Trees","display_name":"A Minimum Defense Cost Calculation Method for Attack Defense Trees","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046820942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8870734","mag":"3046820942"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8870734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8870734","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/8870734.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/8870734.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091060533","display_name":"Bingfeng Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingfeng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090698603","display_name":"Zhicheng Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9529-6517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhicheng Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694956","display_name":"Gaofeng He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6584-7593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gaofeng He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China","School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101694956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531","https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":1.1129,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84358236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8039395809173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5485133528709412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4365352392196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.41240352392196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08596599102020264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8039395809173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5485133528709412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4365352392196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41240352392196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08596599102020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8870734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8870734","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/8870734.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f4c62718fbdf4232b4323c23ddbc4e7a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f4c62718fbdf4232b4323c23ddbc4e7a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hindawi.com:10.1155/2020/8870734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8870734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400340","display_name":"Hindawi Journal of Chemistry (Hindawi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126990","host_organization_name":"Hindawi (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Research Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8870734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8870734","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/8870734.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1249237123","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NY217143","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1616373572","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NY217143","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1846703784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18KJB520024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312290","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2094845583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2702356746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2884206106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019NFUSPITP0581","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3035100824","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX2016026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3397299021","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802192 and 61702282","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3481133481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18KJB520024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3638482392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4582970600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702282","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312290","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4633666610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX2016026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312290","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4832647892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019NFUSPITP0581","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312290","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4985088257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312290","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5047779984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NY217143","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312290","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5809832783","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GXL016 and CX2016026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312290","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6549782362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18KJB520024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6616944232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GXL016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312290","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7570365276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7638116975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX2016026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7916331078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GXL016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8494871249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702282","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8499069535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GXL016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8551670679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702282","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8945649445","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019NFUSPITP0581","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8959818485","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312290","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3046820942.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3046820942.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199988608","https://openalex.org/W2001540531","https://openalex.org/W2009495439","https://openalex.org/W2091973517","https://openalex.org/W2142527556","https://openalex.org/W2146024157","https://openalex.org/W2347200759","https://openalex.org/W2527760048","https://openalex.org/W2580986288","https://openalex.org/W2767556742","https://openalex.org/W2796559544","https://openalex.org/W2803684864","https://openalex.org/W2804812585","https://openalex.org/W2891294576","https://openalex.org/W2912043463","https://openalex.org/W2922194382","https://openalex.org/W2945624265","https://openalex.org/W2977258213","https://openalex.org/W2991470282","https://openalex.org/W2997353660","https://openalex.org/W3001364574","https://openalex.org/W3013579342","https://openalex.org/W3016481661","https://openalex.org/W3037686628","https://openalex.org/W3118517595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,58,191],"cyberphysical":[1],"system":[2],"(CPS)":[3],"is":[4,13,68,94,129,145,163,174,188],"becoming":[5],"the":[6,11,31,34,42,61,90,123,135,142,150,168,171,195,202,208],"infrastructure":[7],"of":[8,60,170,185,212],"society.":[9],"Unfortunately,":[10],"CPS":[12],"vulnerable":[14],"to":[15,30,134,147],"cyberattacks,":[16],"which":[17,93],"may":[18,45],"cause":[19],"environmental":[20],"pollution,":[21],"property":[22],"losses,":[23],"and":[24,41,118,165,181,199,206],"even":[25],"casualties.":[26],"Furthermore,":[27],"in":[28,36,71,98],"contrast":[29],"conventional":[32,136],"Internet,":[33],"devices":[35],"CPSs":[37],"are":[38,120],"more":[39],"specific,":[40],"device":[43],"systems":[44],"not":[46],"be":[47],"upgraded":[48],"or":[49],"installed":[50],"with":[51,176],"new":[52],"programs":[53],"during":[54],"their":[55],"life":[56],"spans.":[57],"selection":[59],"best":[62],"defense":[63,91,110,126,138,152,159,204,210],"nodes":[64,111,205],"for":[65,107],"defeating":[66],"cyberattacks":[67],"quite":[69],"challenging":[70],"CPSs.":[72],"To":[73],"overcome":[74],"this":[75,101,155],"issue,":[76],"several":[77],"attack-defense":[78],"modeled":[79],"methods":[80],"have":[81,88],"been":[82],"proposed.":[83],"However,":[84],"few":[85],"existing":[86],"studies":[87],"considered":[89],"cost,":[92],"usually":[95],"a":[96,105,157,182,213],"determinant":[97],"practice.":[99],"In":[100],"paper,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"method":[106,144,173,196],"choosing":[108],"optimal":[109,203],"that":[112,194],"(1)":[113],"can":[114,197],"defeat":[115],"specific":[116],"attacks":[117],"(2)":[119],"inexpensive.":[121],"First,":[122],"atom":[124],"attack":[125,137],"tree":[127,139],"(A2DTree)":[128],"proposed":[130,172],"by":[131],"adding":[132],"constraints":[133],"(ADTree).":[140],"Second,":[141],"algebraic":[143],"used":[146],"efficiently":[148,200],"calculate":[149,207],"minimum":[151,158,209],"cost.":[153],"On":[154],"basis,":[156],"cost":[160,211],"calculation":[161],"tool":[162],"designed":[164],"implemented.":[166],"Finally,":[167],"effectiveness":[169],"verified":[175],"two":[177],"typical":[178],"case":[179],"studies,":[180],"comparative":[183],"experiment":[184],"related":[186],"work":[187],"carried":[189],"out.":[190],"results":[192],"show":[193],"correctly":[198],"identify":[201],"CPS.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
