{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042017442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8863169","title":"An Encrypted Traffic Identification Scheme Based on the Multilevel Structure and Variational Automatic Encoder","display_name":"An Encrypted Traffic Identification Scheme Based on the Multilevel Structure and Variational Automatic Encoder","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042017442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8863169","mag":"3042017442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8863169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8863169","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/8863169.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/8863169.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064502956","display_name":"Jiangtao Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8557-9899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiangtao Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Electronics & Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science & Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics & Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science & Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063994635","display_name":"Huaifeng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-4956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaifeng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101606705","display_name":"Mingqian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-4274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100536","display_name":"Changzhou Institute of Mechatronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0192men59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100536"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingqian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Mechatronic Technology, Changzhou 213164, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Mechatronic Technology, Changzhou 213164, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109113264","display_name":"Zhongjun Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongjun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics & Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science & Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics & Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science & Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062043533","display_name":"Junjun Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjun Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics & Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science & Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics & Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science & Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064502956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125","https://openalex.org/I4210096899"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.4078,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69452675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8493219614028931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.645162045955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6080555319786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5721228718757629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.46015363931655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4419749975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42618095874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4252707362174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.41108548641204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3901161551475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10761567950248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09872427582740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09435495734214783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8493219614028931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.645162045955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6080555319786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5721228718757629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.46015363931655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4419749975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42618095874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4252707362174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.41108548641204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3901161551475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10761567950248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09872427582740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09435495734214783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8863169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8863169","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/8863169.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:200d3ba3d17647b1a842721641876c61","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/200d3ba3d17647b1a842721641876c61","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hindawi.com:10.1155/2020/8863169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8863169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400340","display_name":"Hindawi Journal of Chemistry (Hindawi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126990","host_organization_name":"Hindawi (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Research Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8863169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8863169","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/8863169.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2611480507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2702356746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3004504207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4009049029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Startup","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4529720257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4832615317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324849","funder_display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5359936891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19KJB510019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324849","funder_display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6190883104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324849","funder_display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7443715129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19KJB510019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608752429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Talent","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8392333432","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19KJB510019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8982426284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324849","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335990","display_name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3042017442.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3042017442.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521553548","https://openalex.org/W2326757248","https://openalex.org/W2334238299","https://openalex.org/W2605422749","https://openalex.org/W2728768174","https://openalex.org/W2768726319","https://openalex.org/W2807998075","https://openalex.org/W2963516518","https://openalex.org/W3216859614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4296209631","https://openalex.org/W2561617217","https://openalex.org/W2025378473","https://openalex.org/W4390516098","https://openalex.org/W2355801475","https://openalex.org/W2181948922","https://openalex.org/W2384362569","https://openalex.org/W4206659427","https://openalex.org/W2170062176","https://openalex.org/W2148135840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,9,21,28,31,54,57,72,80,83,89,95,103,110,115,122,125,129,137,142,145,150,165],"rapid":[2],"growth":[3],"of":[4,61,124],"encrypted":[6,32,38,73,90],"network":[7],"traffic,":[8],"identification":[10,40],"to":[11,70,101,120,135],"it":[12],"becomes":[13],"a":[14,36],"hot":[15],"topic":[16],"in":[17,26,44,164],"information":[18,117],"security.":[19],"Since":[20],"existing":[22,143],"methods":[23],"have":[24],"difficulties":[25],"identifying":[27],"application":[29,84],"which":[30,106,172],"traffic":[33,39,74,91],"belongs":[34],"to,":[35],"new":[37],"scheme":[41,49,152],"is":[42,99,107,118,133,173],"proposed":[43,48,151],"this":[45],"paper.":[46],"The":[47],"has":[50,155],"two":[51],"levels.":[52],"In":[53,79],"first":[55],"level,":[56,82],"entropy":[58],"and":[59,170],"estimation":[60],"Monte":[62],"Carlo":[63],"\u03c0":[64],"value":[65],"as":[66],"features":[67],"are":[68,86],"used":[69,100,119,134],"identify":[71],"by":[75],"C4.5":[76],"decision":[77],"tree.":[78],"second":[81],"types":[85],"distinguished":[87],"from":[88],"selected":[92],"above.":[93],"First,":[94],"variational":[96],"automatic":[97],"encoder":[98],"extract":[102],"layer":[104],"features,":[105],"combined":[108],"with":[109,141],"frequently-used":[111],"stream":[112],"features.":[113,127],"Meanwhile,":[114],"mutual":[116],"reduce":[121],"dimensionality":[123],"combination":[126],"Finally,":[128],"random":[130],"forest":[131],"classifier":[132],"obtain":[136],"optimal":[138],"result.":[139],"Compared":[140],"methods,":[144],"experimental":[146],"results":[147],"show":[148],"that":[149],"not":[153],"only":[154],"faster":[156],"convergence":[157],"speed":[158],"but":[159],"also":[160],"achieves":[161],"better":[162],"performance":[163],"recognition":[166],"accuracy,":[167],"recall":[168],"rate,":[169],"F1-Measure,":[171],"higher":[174],"than":[175],"97%.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}