{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107207360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8861639","title":"cHybriDroid: A Machine Learning-Based Hybrid Technique for Securing the Edge Computing","display_name":"cHybriDroid: A Machine Learning-Based Hybrid Technique for Securing the Edge Computing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107207360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8861639","mag":"3107207360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8861639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8861639","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/8861639.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/8861639.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049895405","display_name":"Afifa Maryam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088086","display_name":"Capital University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/004776246","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088086"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afifa Maryam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091198094","display_name":"Usman Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3933-4273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179863766","display_name":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05phns765","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen 5063, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3933-4273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen 5063, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083389366","display_name":"Muhammad Aleem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-5757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Aleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-5757","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000640263","display_name":"Jerry Chun\u2010Wei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8768-9709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179863766","display_name":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05phns765","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jerry Chun-Wei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen 5063, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8768-9709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen 5063, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022868397","display_name":"Muhammad Arshad Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7503-5086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Arshad Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7503-5086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047988243","display_name":"Muhammad Azhar Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4195-9782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Azhar Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000640263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":1.1525,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78681717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8960261344909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8947916030883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.733517050743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-malware","display_name":"Android malware","score":0.6884714961051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-malware","display_name":"Mobile malware","score":0.5316710472106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5143969655036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.46360763907432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4544066786766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.429929256439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4227752685546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.4183817505836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2898963689804077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8960261344909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8947916030883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.733517050743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989133298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android malware","level":3,"score":0.6884714961051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780967490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1291200","display_name":"Mobile malware","level":3,"score":0.5316710472106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5143969655036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.46360763907432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4544066786766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.429929256439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4227752685546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.4183817505836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2898963689804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8861639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8861639","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/8861639.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:80748bf855bb44a1a53dfd2ed05897a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/80748bf855bb44a1a53dfd2ed05897a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hvlopen.brage.unit.no:11250/2733267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2733267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2020","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8861639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8861639","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/8861639.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317045","display_name":"H\u00f8gskulen p\u00e5 Vestlandet","ror":"https://ror.org/05phns765"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107207360.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107207360.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573526548","https://openalex.org/W1964241047","https://openalex.org/W1975146652","https://openalex.org/W1978762841","https://openalex.org/W1997201541","https://openalex.org/W2013109736","https://openalex.org/W2015817790","https://openalex.org/W2056388267","https://openalex.org/W2122672392","https://openalex.org/W2309832917","https://openalex.org/W2517869697","https://openalex.org/W2551095084","https://openalex.org/W2571682498","https://openalex.org/W2577741565","https://openalex.org/W2610369804","https://openalex.org/W2782729947","https://openalex.org/W2800912855","https://openalex.org/W2885070483","https://openalex.org/W2946009685","https://openalex.org/W2982705228","https://openalex.org/W2985508139","https://openalex.org/W2986232939","https://openalex.org/W2991307539","https://openalex.org/W3007249573","https://openalex.org/W3013534678","https://openalex.org/W3021703528","https://openalex.org/W3047657293","https://openalex.org/W3048678171","https://openalex.org/W3089915031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2791662519","https://openalex.org/W4249118297","https://openalex.org/W2717179875","https://openalex.org/W3036603968","https://openalex.org/W2311926078","https://openalex.org/W3199551743","https://openalex.org/W4281384336","https://openalex.org/W3195586271","https://openalex.org/W2782775281","https://openalex.org/W2608570228"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"phones":[1],"are":[2,127],"an":[3,39],"integral":[4],"component":[5],"of":[6,28,34,78,92,99,123,153,170,178],"the":[7,14,25,88,151,154,171,175],"mobile":[8,18,100],"edge":[9],"computing":[10],"(MEC)":[11],"framework.":[12],"Securing":[13],"data":[15],"stored":[16],"on":[17,62],"devices":[19],"is":[20],"very":[21,83],"crucial":[22,84],"for":[23,95,157],"ensuring":[24],"smooth":[26],"operations":[27],"cloud":[29],"services.":[30],"A":[31],"growing":[32],"number":[33],"malicious":[35,45],"Android":[36],"applications":[37,126],"demand":[38],"in-depth":[40],"investigation":[41],"to":[42,47,86,111,149],"dissect":[43],"their":[44],"intent":[46],"design":[48],"effective":[49],"malware":[50,74,93,158,183],"detection":[51],"techniques.":[52],"The":[53,76,168],"contemporary":[54],"state-of-the-art":[55],"model":[56],"suggests":[57],"that":[58,174],"hybrid":[59,109,132],"features":[60,80,117,122,133,139,179],"based":[61],"machine":[63],"learning":[64],"(ML)":[65],"techniques":[66,156],"could":[67],"play":[68],"a":[69,82,96,107],"significant":[70],"role":[71,85],"in":[72,118],"android":[73,113],"detection.":[75,159],"selection":[77],"application\u2019s":[79],"plays":[81],"capture":[87],"appropriate":[89],"behavioural":[90],"patterns":[91],"instances":[94],"useful":[97],"classification":[98],"applications.":[101,167],"In":[102],"this":[103],"study,":[104],"we":[105],"propose":[106],"novel":[108],"approach":[110],"detect":[112],"malware,":[114],"wherein":[115],"static":[116],"conjunction":[119],"with":[120,185],"dynamic":[121],"smart":[124],"phone":[125],"employed.":[128],"We":[129,160],"collect":[130],"these":[131],"using":[134,163],"permissions,":[135],"intents,":[136],"and":[137,146],"run-time":[138],"(such":[140],"as":[141],"information":[142],"leakage,":[143],"cryptography\u2019s":[144],"exploitation,":[145],"network":[147],"manipulations)":[148],"analyse":[150],"effectiveness":[152],"employed":[155],"conduct":[161],"experiments":[162],"over":[164],"5,000":[165],"real-world":[166],"outcomes":[169],"study":[172],"reveal":[173],"proposed":[176],"set":[177],"has":[180],"successfully":[181],"detected":[182],"threats":[184],"97%":[186],"F-measure":[187],"results.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}