{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107290928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8837210","title":"Modified Password Guessing Methods Based on TarGuess-I","display_name":"Modified Password Guessing Methods Based on TarGuess-I","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107290928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8837210","mag":"3107290928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8837210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8837210","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2020/8837210.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2020/8837210.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021521472","display_name":"Zhijie Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-0702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101484484","display_name":"Min Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-7610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-7610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101450066","display_name":"Yuqi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-3606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-3606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000508086","display_name":"Zhenhan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-2767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357107","display_name":"Hongjun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6736-6566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101484484"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":1.1138,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85013116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.9072872400283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-cracking","display_name":"Password cracking","score":0.6852114200592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6633280515670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-strength","display_name":"Password strength","score":0.47551897168159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4300655424594879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3986620306968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.35111376643180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-time-password","display_name":"One-time password","score":0.2882690727710724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.9072872400283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3847113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746524","display_name":"Password cracking","level":5,"score":0.6852114200592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6633280515670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70530487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990841","display_name":"Password strength","level":4,"score":0.47551897168159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4300655424594879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3986620306968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.35111376643180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89479133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137840","display_name":"One-time password","level":3,"score":0.2882690727710724}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8837210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8837210","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2020/8837210.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2819dc4f9d3f42eab9a4b80445f13200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2819dc4f9d3f42eab9a4b80445f13200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hindawi.com:10.1155/2020/8837210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8837210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400340","display_name":"Hindawi Journal of Chemistry (Hindawi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126990","host_organization_name":"Hindawi (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Research Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8837210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8837210","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2020/8837210.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3348246166","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u91cd\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u4fe1\u53f7\u6001\u52bf\u5168\u8986\u76d6\u611f\u77e5\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107290928.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107290928.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1466389411","https://openalex.org/W2000638898","https://openalex.org/W2007488200","https://openalex.org/W2019578814","https://openalex.org/W2037202491","https://openalex.org/W2048755632","https://openalex.org/W2054626033","https://openalex.org/W2073342447","https://openalex.org/W2086553822","https://openalex.org/W2111397260","https://openalex.org/W2133824719","https://openalex.org/W2135359429","https://openalex.org/W2149929743","https://openalex.org/W2155873597","https://openalex.org/W2174113119","https://openalex.org/W2207835792","https://openalex.org/W2218132318","https://openalex.org/W2463456957","https://openalex.org/W2490171383","https://openalex.org/W2524553946","https://openalex.org/W2528123348","https://openalex.org/W2536378964","https://openalex.org/W2538793708","https://openalex.org/W2561847805","https://openalex.org/W2734150319","https://openalex.org/W2789986810","https://openalex.org/W2793573497","https://openalex.org/W2799341537","https://openalex.org/W2801931360","https://openalex.org/W2808164006","https://openalex.org/W2902517157","https://openalex.org/W2931153881","https://openalex.org/W2962932298","https://openalex.org/W2963532563","https://openalex.org/W2963559715","https://openalex.org/W2968267813","https://openalex.org/W3005206852","https://openalex.org/W3008439638","https://openalex.org/W3031972324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W137322897","https://openalex.org/W2054626033","https://openalex.org/W1982158666","https://openalex.org/W3013108623","https://openalex.org/W3131491961","https://openalex.org/W2953105088","https://openalex.org/W2989690789","https://openalex.org/W3088784215","https://openalex.org/W2906808255","https://openalex.org/W2995984898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<a:math":[0],"xmlns:a=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1],"id=\"M1\">":[2],"<a:mtext>TarGuess</a:mtext>":[3],"<a:mo>\u2212</a:mo>":[4],"<a:mtext>I</a:mtext>":[5],"</a:math>":[6],"is":[7],"a":[8,118,161],"leading":[9],"online":[10],"targeted":[11],"password":[12,36,120,170],"guessing":[13,42,121],"model":[14,65,122,179],"using":[15,52],"users\u2019":[16,48,59,94],"personally":[17],"identifiable":[18],"information":[19],"(PII)":[20],"proposed":[21],"at":[22],"ACM":[23],"CCS":[24],"2016":[25],"by":[26,132,143,152,188],"Wang":[27],"et":[28],"al.":[29],"It":[30],"has":[31],"attracted":[32],"widespread":[33],"attention":[34],"in":[35,92],"security":[37],"owing":[38],"to":[39,86],"its":[40],"superior":[41],"performance.":[43],"Yet,":[44],"after":[45],"analyzing":[46],"the":[47,76,83,93,149],"vulnerable":[49],"behaviors":[50],"of":[51,163],"popular":[53,71,130],"passwords":[54,57,131],"and":[55,75,146],"constructing":[56],"with":[58,123],"PII,":[60],"we":[61,98],"find":[62],"that":[63,176],"this":[64],"does":[66],"not":[67,90],"take":[68],"into":[69],"account":[70],"passwords,":[72],"keyboard":[73,141],"patterns,":[74],"special":[77,80,150],"strings.":[78],"The":[79,172],"strings":[81,84,151],"are":[82],"related":[85],"users":[87],"but":[88],"do":[89],"appear":[91],"demographic":[95],"information.":[96],"Thus,":[97],"propose":[99],"<c:math":[100],"xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[101],"id=\"M2\">":[102],"<c:mtext>TarGuess</c:mtext>":[103],"<c:mo>\u2212</c:mo>":[104],"<c:msup>":[105],"<c:mrow>":[106,109],"<c:mtext>I</c:mtext>":[107],"</c:mrow>":[108,114],"<c:mo>+</c:mo>":[110],"<c:mi>K</c:mi>":[111],"<c:mi>P</c:mi>":[112],"<c:mi>X</c:mi>":[113],"</c:msup>":[115],"</c:math>":[116],",":[117],"modified":[119,178],"three":[124],"semantic":[125],"methods,":[126],"including":[127],"(1)":[128],"identifying":[129],"generating":[133],"top-300":[134],"lists":[135],"from":[136,156],"similar":[137],"websites,":[138],"(2)":[139],"recognizing":[140],"patterns":[142],"relative":[144],"position,":[145],"(3)":[147],"catching":[148],"extracting":[153],"continuous":[154],"characters":[155],"user-generated":[157],"PII.":[158],"We":[159],"conduct":[160],"series":[162],"evaluations":[164],"on":[165],"six":[166],"large-scale":[167],"real-world":[168],"leaked":[169],"datasets.":[171],"experimental":[173],"results":[174],"show":[175],"our":[177],"outperforms":[180],"<e:math":[181],"xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[182],"id=\"M3\">":[183],"<e:mtext>TarGuess</e:mtext>":[184],"<e:mo>\u2212</e:mo>":[185],"<e:mtext>I</e:mtext>":[186],"</e:math>":[187],"2.62%":[189],"within":[190],"<g:math":[191],"xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[192],"id=\"M4\">":[193],"<g:mn>100</g:mn>":[194],"</g:math>":[195],"guesses.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}