{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111702219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835310","title":"Flowchart-Based Cross-Language Source Code Similarity Detection","display_name":"Flowchart-Based Cross-Language Source Code Similarity Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111702219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835310","mag":"3111702219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8835310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835310","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2020/8835310.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2020/8835310.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034595479","display_name":"Feng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2646-9854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Wisdom Mine Information Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Wisdom Mine Information Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057381937","display_name":"Guofan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guofan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101409897","display_name":"Cong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2665-7153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119203015","display_name":"Shandong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02mr3ar13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111585672","display_name":"Qian Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101409897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":1.3912,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87226655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8303845524787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.7200573086738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.600691020488739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundant-code","display_name":"Redundant code","score":0.5067155957221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flowchart","display_name":"Flowchart","score":0.42901164293289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-level-programming-language","display_name":"High-level programming language","score":0.4204559922218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plagiarism-detection","display_name":"Plagiarism detection","score":0.41775181889533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.4121185839176178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.379180371761322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.3683409094810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.32939696311950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.27860626578330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.1916573941707611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.17330992221832275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8303845524787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.7200573086738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.600691020488739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151578736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1251793","display_name":"Redundant code","level":4,"score":0.5067155957221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72041958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185092","display_name":"Flowchart","level":2,"score":0.42901164293289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19024347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211496","display_name":"High-level programming language","level":3,"score":0.4204559922218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780907237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986238","display_name":"Plagiarism detection","level":2,"score":0.41775181889533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.4121185839176178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.379180371761322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.3683409094810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32939696311950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.27860626578330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.1916573941707611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.17330992221832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8835310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835310","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2020/8835310.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:933e509dc50a4c89a07cbf23d25af9da","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/933e509dc50a4c89a07cbf23d25af9da","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8835310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835310","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2020/8835310.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1482313679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"tsqn201909109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","funder_display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1898938428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19YJCZH240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","funder_display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2071443865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2654059890","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1931207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2782574266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015TDJH102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2851899386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QDSKL1901123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","funder_display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G295031474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"tsqn201909109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3492045430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JXTD20180503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3531219837","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015TDJH102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","funder_display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3744313044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Social","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G389883110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1931207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","funder_display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4073669972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19YJCZH240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4151614700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","funder_display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4255042176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QDSKL1901123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5051540581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20180503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5428196577","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1931207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5436190757","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QDSKL1901123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5484935515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6190222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6097921081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JXTD20180503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","funder_display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6509670618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"tsqn201909109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6631794807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19YJCZH240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6760579012","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ts20190936","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G689234925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7238666221","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015TDJH102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7292913769","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7511757717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ts20190936","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G960979738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JXTD20180503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111702219.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111702219.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55296995","https://openalex.org/W162791237","https://openalex.org/W1583371541","https://openalex.org/W1588412141","https://openalex.org/W1593203335","https://openalex.org/W1597213869","https://openalex.org/W1954856259","https://openalex.org/W1969795835","https://openalex.org/W2005768551","https://openalex.org/W2007572995","https://openalex.org/W2013278751","https://openalex.org/W2022187073","https://openalex.org/W2027763732","https://openalex.org/W2038739952","https://openalex.org/W2094622286","https://openalex.org/W2096491586","https://openalex.org/W2098587409","https://openalex.org/W2104734478","https://openalex.org/W2109943392","https://openalex.org/W2110436441","https://openalex.org/W2115412287","https://openalex.org/W2125260159","https://openalex.org/W2136833842","https://openalex.org/W2138233214","https://openalex.org/W2138756793","https://openalex.org/W2141128179","https://openalex.org/W2146659255","https://openalex.org/W2147286743","https://openalex.org/W2194609298","https://openalex.org/W2259857035","https://openalex.org/W2345558218","https://openalex.org/W2407879741","https://openalex.org/W2491365178","https://openalex.org/W2530196882","https://openalex.org/W2585680471","https://openalex.org/W2611259898","https://openalex.org/W2767123881","https://openalex.org/W2796335629","https://openalex.org/W2897836315","https://openalex.org/W2935199837","https://openalex.org/W2945111072","https://openalex.org/W2955127311","https://openalex.org/W2991689571","https://openalex.org/W3000135256","https://openalex.org/W3001609663","https://openalex.org/W3105926539","https://openalex.org/W3122283993","https://openalex.org/W4236036072","https://openalex.org/W4245266742","https://openalex.org/W6606612362","https://openalex.org/W6677490423","https://openalex.org/W6678413391","https://openalex.org/W6681648988","https://openalex.org/W6681837462","https://openalex.org/W6714048790","https://openalex.org/W6750182747","https://openalex.org/W6758327135","https://openalex.org/W6770854663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104380237","https://openalex.org/W2155491649","https://openalex.org/W2889431651","https://openalex.org/W2573706800","https://openalex.org/W3175865170","https://openalex.org/W2781637569","https://openalex.org/W2390085541","https://openalex.org/W3013559043","https://openalex.org/W4210653322","https://openalex.org/W2969257295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Source":[0],"code":[1,8,25,36,44,56,78,99,106,112,123,143,155,175,186,224,251,261],"similarity":[2,40,57,71,100,128,176,212,218,233,252],"detection":[3,10,58,72,101],"has":[4,245],"various":[5],"applications":[6],"in":[7,27,46,115,157,188,225,248,267,277],"plagiarism":[9],"and":[11,87,126,163],"software":[12],"intellectual":[13],"property":[14],"protection.":[15],"In":[16,108],"computer":[17,268],"programming":[18,29,65,117,191,227,269],"teaching,":[19],"students":[20,266],"may":[21],"convert":[22],"the":[23,47,54,141,149,170,199,204,211,217,232],"source":[24,43,70,111,154,174,185,223,250,260],"written":[26,45,114,156,187],"one":[28],"language":[30,33,49,192],"into":[31,121,193],"another":[32],"for":[34,53,173],"their":[35,127,133],"assignment":[37],"submission.":[38],"Existing":[39],"measures":[41],"of":[42,60,153,222],"same":[48],"are":[50,74,119,181],"not":[51],"applicable":[52],"cross-language":[55,69,98,249],"because":[59],"syntactic":[61],"differences":[62],"among":[63],"different":[64,116,158,226],"languages.":[66,159],"Meanwhile,":[67,178],"existing":[68,242],"approaches":[73],"susceptible":[75],"to":[76,147,183,209],"complex":[77,281],"obfuscation":[79,262,282],"techniques,":[80],"such":[81],"as":[82,169],"replacing":[83],"equivalent":[84],"control":[85],"structure":[86,172],"adding":[88],"redundant":[89],"statements.":[90],"To":[91],"solve":[92],"this":[93],"problem,":[94],"we":[95,138,197],"propose":[96,198],"a":[97,189],"(CLCSD)":[102],"approach":[103],"based":[104,202],"on":[105,203],"flowcharts.":[107],"general,":[109],"two":[110,214,220],"fragments":[113],"languages":[118,228],"transformed":[120],"standardized":[122,142],"flowcharts":[124,151],"(SCFC),":[125],"is":[129,161,229],"obtained":[130],"by":[131,231,265],"measuring":[132],"corresponding":[134],"SCFC.":[135,195],"More":[136],"specifically,":[137],"first":[139],"introduce":[140],"flowchart":[144],"(SCFC)":[145],"model":[146],"be":[148,167],"uniform":[150],"representation":[152],"SCFC":[160],"language-independent,":[162],"therefore,":[164],"it":[165],"can":[166],"used":[168,264],"intermediate":[171],"detection.":[177,253],"transformation":[179],"techniques":[180,263],"given":[182,230],"transform":[184],"specific":[190],"an":[194],"Second,":[196],"SCFC-SPGK":[200],"algorithm":[201],"shortest":[205],"path":[206],"graph":[207],"kernel":[208],"measure":[210],"between":[213,219,234],"SCFCs.":[215,235],"Thus,":[216],"pieces":[221],"Experimental":[236],"results":[237],"show":[238],"that":[239],"compared":[240],"with":[241,279],"approaches,":[243],"CLCSD":[244,255],"higher":[246],"accuracy":[247,276],"Furthermore,":[254],"cannot":[256],"only":[257],"handle":[258],"common":[259],"teaching":[270],"but":[271],"also":[272],"obtain":[273],"nearly":[274],"90%":[275],"dealing":[278],"some":[280],"techniques.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}