{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3089301520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821868","title":"Multipose Face Recognition-Based Combined Adaptive Deep Learning Vector Quantization","display_name":"Multipose Face Recognition-Based Combined Adaptive Deep Learning Vector Quantization","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3089301520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821868","mag":"3089301520","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33029115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8821868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821868","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2020/8821868.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2020/8821868.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080822804","display_name":"Shahenda Sarhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-9389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shahenda Sarhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Information Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-9389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Information Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021776533","display_name":"Aida A. Nasr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4996-5439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130309236","display_name":"Kafrelsheikh University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a97mm30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aida A. Nasr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084731651","display_name":"Mahmoud Y. Shams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-5902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130309236","display_name":"Kafrelsheikh University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a97mm30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Y. Shams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-5902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080822804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623","https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":2.1578,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89731744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.790756344795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7582939863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-vector-quantization","display_name":"Learning vector quantization","score":0.6600476503372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6255328059196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.5905349850654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5630013942718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.555065929889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5032491087913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4877672791481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.42802536487579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42763060331344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.41394326090812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4116004407405853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3838769793510437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.790756344795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7582939863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40567965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820283","display_name":"Learning vector quantization","level":3,"score":0.6600476503372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6255328059196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.5905349850654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5630013942718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.555065929889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5032491087913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4877672791481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.42802536487579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42763060331344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.41394326090812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4116004407405853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3838769793510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8821868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821868","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2020/8821868.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33029115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33029115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:01f7631e6a7c4717903abd48faa814cc","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/01f7631e6a7c4717903abd48faa814cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7532404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7532404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Intell Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8821868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821868","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2020/8821868.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1131312538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D-364-612-1441","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","funder_display_name":"King Abdulaziz University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3089301520.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3089301520.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968969471","https://openalex.org/W1986803802","https://openalex.org/W2112538708","https://openalex.org/W2122159447","https://openalex.org/W2135293965","https://openalex.org/W2150761159","https://openalex.org/W2166672191","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2402196265","https://openalex.org/W2432917172","https://openalex.org/W2469077056","https://openalex.org/W2487852963","https://openalex.org/W2515846259","https://openalex.org/W2585123518","https://openalex.org/W2620727906","https://openalex.org/W2753554633","https://openalex.org/W2782974417","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2893277817","https://openalex.org/W2954400343","https://openalex.org/W2963716477","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3135566152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360214423","https://openalex.org/W2156017042","https://openalex.org/W2899196211","https://openalex.org/W3201472348","https://openalex.org/W3160713586","https://openalex.org/W1031168204","https://openalex.org/W2115329839","https://openalex.org/W2144192793","https://openalex.org/W4246102100","https://openalex.org/W2570625548"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multipose":[0],"face":[1,29,34],"recognition":[2,30,49],"system":[3,150],"is":[4,72,135],"one":[5],"of":[6,27,81,114,147],"the":[7,12,24,33,48,79,82,91,96,106,133,143,148,153],"recent":[8,122],"challenges":[9],"faced":[10],"by":[11],"researchers":[13],"interested":[14],"in":[15,112,124],"security":[16],"applications.":[17],"Different":[18],"researches":[19],"have":[20],"been":[21],"introduced":[22],"discussing":[23],"accuracy":[25,119],"improvement":[26],"multipose":[28],"through":[31,89],"enhancing":[32],"detector":[35],"as":[36,51],"Viola-Jones,":[37],"Real":[38],"Adaboost,":[39],"and":[40,55,118,128,145],"Cascade":[41],"Object":[42],"Detector":[43],"while":[44],"others":[45],"concentrated":[46],"on":[47],"systems":[50],"support":[52],"vector":[53,68,86],"machine":[54],"deep":[56,66,84,125],"convolution":[57],"neural":[58,130],"networks.":[59,131],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"a":[63],"combined":[64],"adaptive":[65,83],"learning":[67,85],"quantization":[69,87],"(CADLVQ)":[70],"classifier":[71,76,108],"proposed.":[73],"The":[74],"proposed":[75,107,149],"has":[77],"boosted":[78],"weakness":[80],"classifiers":[88],"using":[90,138],"majority":[92],"voting":[93],"algorithm":[94],"with":[95],"speeded":[97],"up":[98],"robust":[99],"feature":[100],"extractor.":[101],"Experimental":[102],"results":[103,111],"indicate":[104],"that,":[105],"provided":[109],"promising":[110],"terms":[113],"sensitivity,":[115],"specificity,":[116],"precision,":[117],"compared":[120,151],"to":[121,141,152],"approaches":[123],"learning,":[126],"statistical,":[127],"classical":[129],"Finally,":[132],"comparison":[134],"empirically":[136],"performed":[137],"confusion":[139],"matrix":[140],"ensure":[142],"reliability":[144],"robustness":[146],"state-of":[154],"art.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}