{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094592923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8820338","title":"Spatiotemporal Changes in the Urban Heat Island Intensity of Distinct Local Climate Zones: Case Study of Zhongshan District, Dalian, China","display_name":"Spatiotemporal Changes in the Urban Heat Island Intensity of Distinct Local Climate Zones: Case Study of Zhongshan District, Dalian, China","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094592923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8820338","mag":"3094592923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8820338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8820338","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/8820338.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/8820338.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103627451","display_name":"Jun Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153374732","display_name":"Liaoning Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3cgg32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153374732"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153374732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033955693","display_name":"Jiatong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-8127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153374732","display_name":"Liaoning Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3cgg32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153374732"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiatong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153374732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322390","display_name":"Liang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-9687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153374732","display_name":"Liaoning Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3cgg32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153374732"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153374732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102988510","display_name":"Yuanzhi Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-7025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanzhi Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Academy of Surveying and Mapping, No. 2 Dixin Road, Wuchang Street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City 310023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Academy of Surveying and Mapping, No. 2 Dixin Road, Wuchang Street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100322390","https://openalex.org/A5102988510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153374732","https://openalex.org/I4210114963"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.5839,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65146188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-zones","display_name":"Climate zones","score":0.7919958233833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-heat-island","display_name":"Urban heat island","score":0.7873256206512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.6321777105331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.567293643951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.5222402811050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4210979640483856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.4033068120479584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3921538293361664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3558470606803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.35527950525283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2982238531112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.13031166791915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10514533519744873}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994001127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267474","display_name":"Climate zones","level":2,"score":0.7919958233833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.7873256206512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.6321777105331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.567293643951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5222402811050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4210979640483856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4033068120479584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3921538293361664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3558470606803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.35527950525283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2982238531112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.13031166791915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10514533519744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8820338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8820338","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/8820338.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:8820338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/8503/2020/8820338.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3859cbeef67d42038b90887a7748e2c3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3859cbeef67d42038b90887a7748e2c3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8820338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8820338","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/8820338.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8847376219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41630749","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094592923.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094592923.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1822828960","https://openalex.org/W2030737358","https://openalex.org/W2045874284","https://openalex.org/W2075784877","https://openalex.org/W2116242729","https://openalex.org/W2153763028","https://openalex.org/W2173760900","https://openalex.org/W2576720772","https://openalex.org/W2592333822","https://openalex.org/W2752440631","https://openalex.org/W2752706809","https://openalex.org/W2804195346","https://openalex.org/W2807710248","https://openalex.org/W2832226400","https://openalex.org/W2897043150","https://openalex.org/W2898794753","https://openalex.org/W2900086371","https://openalex.org/W2901085988","https://openalex.org/W2901913287","https://openalex.org/W2906891848","https://openalex.org/W2916007503","https://openalex.org/W2921767979","https://openalex.org/W2937632589","https://openalex.org/W2937979868","https://openalex.org/W2940786635","https://openalex.org/W2941060156","https://openalex.org/W2942241515","https://openalex.org/W2965484213","https://openalex.org/W2980470432","https://openalex.org/W2995763274","https://openalex.org/W2999647909","https://openalex.org/W3006372264","https://openalex.org/W3012879678","https://openalex.org/W3021989770","https://openalex.org/W3024333596","https://openalex.org/W3036975833","https://openalex.org/W3039854805","https://openalex.org/W3042056545","https://openalex.org/W3047800802","https://openalex.org/W3081415734","https://openalex.org/W4213327538","https://openalex.org/W4255859980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392907783","https://openalex.org/W1985072978","https://openalex.org/W891751532","https://openalex.org/W2373532557","https://openalex.org/W2367531257","https://openalex.org/W2990108851","https://openalex.org/W3036586321","https://openalex.org/W4232134120","https://openalex.org/W3099331509","https://openalex.org/W3126371816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intensified":[0],"due":[1],"to":[2,28,74,127,228],"rapid":[3],"urbanization":[4],"and":[5,36,64,88,95,113,131,137,145,153,162,170,175,194,197,211,217,220,260,270,299],"global":[6],"warming-induced":[7],"high":[8,234,240],"temperature":[9],"extremes,":[10],"the":[11,30,76,99,110,117,160,231,246,273],"urban":[12,23,31,44],"heat":[13,32,118],"island":[14,33,119],"effect":[15],"has":[16,57],"become":[17,40],"a":[18,58,65],"major":[19],"environmental":[20],"concern":[21],"for":[22,43],"residents.":[24],"Scientific":[25],"methods":[26],"used":[27,73],"calculate":[29],"intensity":[34],"(UHII)":[35],"its":[37],"alleviation":[38],"have":[39],"urgent":[41],"requirements":[42],"development.":[45],"This":[46],"study":[47],"is":[48],"carried":[49],"out":[50],"in":[51,165,182],"Zhongshan":[52,166],"District,":[53],"Dalian":[54],"City,":[55],"which":[56],"total":[59],"area":[60],"of":[61,116,178,187,199,207,222],"43.85":[62],"km2":[63,136],"27.5":[66],"km-long":[67],"coastline.":[68],"The":[69,121,173,184,205],"mono-window":[70],"algorithm":[71],"was":[72,101,249],"retrieve":[75],"land":[77,247],"surface":[78],"temperatures":[79],"(LSTs),":[80],"employing":[81],"Landsat":[82],"remote":[83],"sensing":[84],"images,":[85],"meteorological":[86],"data,":[87],"building":[89,241],"data":[90],"from":[91,125,226],"2003,":[92],"2008,":[93],"2013,":[94],"2019.":[96,183],"In":[97,243],"addition,":[98],"district":[100],"divided":[102],"into":[103,252],"local":[104],"climate":[105],"zones":[106],"(LCZs)":[107],"based":[108],"on":[109],"estimated":[111],"intensities":[112],"spatiotemporal":[114],"variations":[115],"effect.":[120],"results":[122],"show":[123],"that,":[124],"2003":[126],"2019,":[128],"LCZs":[129,142,180,188,200,208,223,278],"A":[130],"D":[132,212],"shrank":[133],"by":[134,148,168,191,203,214],"3.225":[135],"0.395":[138],"km2,":[139,150,152,155],"respectively,":[140,196,219,281],"whereas":[141],"B,":[143],"C,":[144,210],"1\u20136":[146,201,224],"expanded":[147],"0.932":[149],"0.632":[151],"2.056":[154],"respectively.":[156,172],"During":[157],"this":[158,244],"period,":[159],"maximum":[161],"minimum":[163],"LSTs":[164,186,235],"increased":[167,190,202,213,225],"1.365\u00b0C":[169],"1.104\u00b0C,":[171],"LST":[174],"UHII":[176],"levels":[177],"all":[179],"peaked":[181],"average":[185],"A\u2013C":[189],"1.610\u00b0C,":[192],"0.880\u00b0C,":[193],"3.830\u00b0C,":[195],"those":[198,221],"2\u00b0C\u20134\u00b0C.":[204],"UHIIs":[206],"A,":[209],"0.730,":[215],"2.950,":[216],"0.344,":[218],"1.370\u20132.977":[227],"3.744\u20135.379.":[229],"Overall,":[230],"regions":[232],"with":[233,239],"are":[236],"spatiotemporally":[237],"correlated":[238],"densities.":[242],"study,":[245],"cover":[248],"then":[250],"classified":[251],"four":[253],"types":[254],"(LCZs":[255],"A\u2013D)":[256],"using":[257],"visual":[258],"interpretation":[259],"object-oriented":[261],"classification,":[262],"including":[263],"forested":[264],"land,":[265],"low":[266],"vegetation,":[267],"bare":[268],"ground,":[269],"water.":[271],"Besides,":[272],"buildings":[274],"were":[275],"categorized":[276],"as":[277],"1\u20136,":[279],"which,":[280],"represented":[282],"low-density":[283,286,289],"low-rises":[284,294],"buildings,":[285,288,292,295,298],"high-rises":[287,291,297,302],"super":[290,301],"high-density":[293,296,300],"buildings.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}