{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093889377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8815770","title":"Heuristic Sensing: An Uncertainty Exploration Method in Imperfect Information Games","display_name":"Heuristic Sensing: An Uncertainty Exploration Method in Imperfect Information Games","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093889377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8815770","mag":"3093889377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8815770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8815770","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/8815770.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/8815770.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074351357","display_name":"Zhenyang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-5596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308199089","display_name":"Harbin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ey9xa07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin University of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin University of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100328995","display_name":"Xuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3512-0649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308199089","display_name":"Harbin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ey9xa07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin University of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin University of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050911130","display_name":"Shuhan Qi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308199089","display_name":"Harbin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ey9xa07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhan Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin University of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China","Pingan-Hitsz Intelligence Finance Research Center, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin University of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pingan-Hitsz Intelligence Finance Research Center, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101413423","display_name":"Tao Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9206-4674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308199089","display_name":"Harbin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ey9xa07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin University of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin University of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100417632","display_name":"Jiajia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-2046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308199089","display_name":"Harbin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ey9xa07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiajia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin University of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China","Pingan-Hitsz Intelligence Finance Research Center, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin University of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pingan-Hitsz Intelligence Finance Research Center, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100417632"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.8156,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79584266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":true,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perfect-information","display_name":"Perfect information","score":0.7840126752853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7407269477844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6575727462768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-tree","display_name":"Game tree","score":0.5507420897483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5472878217697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-tree-search","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","score":0.5201500058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4894965887069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4737823009490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect","display_name":"Imperfect","score":0.46056419610977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complete-information","display_name":"Complete information","score":0.441683828830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4408303201198578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40658652782440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.36357274651527405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.3415181636810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.33610036969184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.17790371179580688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13187900185585022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123676819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074338","display_name":"Perfect information","level":2,"score":0.7840126752853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7407269477844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6575727462768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95815963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377033","display_name":"Game tree","level":4,"score":0.5507420897483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5472878217697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46149586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11785332","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","level":3,"score":0.5201500058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4894965887069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4737823009490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.46056419610977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113336015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574010","display_name":"Complete information","level":2,"score":0.441683828830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4408303201198578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40658652782440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.36357274651527405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.3415181636810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.33610036969184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.17790371179580688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13187900185585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8815770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8815770","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/8815770.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b2710853a9242438ecb3176f593af7b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b2710853a9242438ecb3176f593af7b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/8815770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8815770","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/8815770.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G382195880","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20180507183624136","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329791","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329791","display_name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093889377.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093889377.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1625390266","https://openalex.org/W1714211023","https://openalex.org/W1970647289","https://openalex.org/W2126316555","https://openalex.org/W2157803532","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2398180669","https://openalex.org/W2574978968","https://openalex.org/W2773381986","https://openalex.org/W2900120799","https://openalex.org/W2903901644","https://openalex.org/W2952534299","https://openalex.org/W2960876848","https://openalex.org/W6756185049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2909859691","https://openalex.org/W2788649699","https://openalex.org/W2070441255","https://openalex.org/W37173127","https://openalex.org/W2252918381","https://openalex.org/W4287370909","https://openalex.org/W45534592","https://openalex.org/W2595858113","https://openalex.org/W3121173017","https://openalex.org/W2914188613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Imperfect":[0],"information":[1,23,59,80,112,168],"games":[2],"have":[3],"served":[4],"as":[5],"benchmarks":[6],"and":[7,15,21,82,162],"milestones":[8],"in":[9,167,184,189],"fields":[10],"of":[11,31,51,57,72,78,86,101,110,117,125,186],"artificial":[12],"intelligence":[13],"(AI)":[14],"game":[16,28,35,56,88,142,177],"theory":[17],"for":[18,34,140],"decades.":[19],"Sensing":[20],"exploiting":[22],"to":[24,105,120],"effectively":[25],"describe":[26],"the":[27,61,68,76,79,87,108,122,126,131,155,181],"environment":[29,127],"is":[30,53,119,171],"critical":[32],"importance":[33],"solving,":[36],"besides":[37],"computing":[38],"or":[39],"approximating":[40],"an":[41],"optimal":[42],"strategy.":[43,133],"Reconnaissance":[44],"blind":[45],"chess":[46],"(RBC),":[47],"a":[48,54,95,137],"new":[49],"variant":[50],"chess,":[52],"quintessential":[55],"imperfect":[58],"where":[60],"player\u2019s":[62],"actions":[63],"are":[64],"definitely":[65],"unobserved":[66],"by":[67],"opponent.":[69],"This":[70],"characteristic":[71],"RBC":[73,141,176,192],"exponentially":[74],"expands":[75],"scale":[77],"set":[81],"extremely":[83],"invokes":[84],"uncertainty":[85,109,124,187],"environment.":[89],"In":[90,154],"this":[91],"paper,":[92],"we":[93,135],"introduce":[94],"novel":[96],"sense":[97],"method,":[98],"Heuristic":[99],"Search":[100,152],"Uncertainty":[102],"Control":[103],"(HSUC),":[104],"significantly":[106],"reduce":[107],"real-time":[111],"set.":[113],"The":[114],"key":[115],"idea":[116],"HSUC":[118,146,157],"consider":[121],"whole":[123],"rather":[128],"than":[129,164],"predicting":[130],"opponents\u2019":[132],"Furthermore,":[134],"realize":[136],"practical":[138],"framework":[139],"that":[143,174],"incorporates":[144],"our":[145,175],"method":[147],"with":[148],"Monte":[149],"Carlo":[150],"Tree":[151],"(MCTS).":[153],"experiments,":[156],"has":[158,179],"shown":[159],"better":[160],"effectiveness":[161],"robustness":[163],"comparison":[165],"opponents":[166],"sensing.":[169],"It":[170],"worth":[172],"mentioning":[173],"agent":[178],"won":[180],"first":[182],"place":[183],"terms":[185],"management":[188],"NeurIPS":[190],"2019":[191],"tournament.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2020-10-29T00:00:00"}