{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996656423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6105872","title":"An Introduction to Complex Systems Science and Its Applications","display_name":"An Introduction to Complex Systems Science and Its Applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996656423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6105872","mag":"2996656423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/6105872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6105872","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/6105872.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/6105872.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alexander F. Siegenfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-2742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80397470","display_name":"New England Complex Systems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/053bg5z25","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80397470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander F. Siegenfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","New England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80397470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yaneer Bar-Yam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80397470","display_name":"New England Complex Systems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/053bg5z25","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80397470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaneer Bar-Yam","raw_affiliation_strings":["New England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80397470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I80397470"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":12.7173,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":222,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98919656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12469","display_name":"Chaos, Complexity, and Education","score":0.39160001277923584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12469","display_name":"Chaos, Complexity, and Education","score":0.39160001277923584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13377","display_name":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","score":0.05350000038743019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13811","display_name":"Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution","score":0.03920000046491623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system","display_name":"Complex system","score":0.8303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complexity-science","display_name":"Complexity science","score":0.47589999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-adaptive-system","display_name":"Complex adaptive system","score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-system","display_name":"Social system","score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-systems","display_name":"System of systems","score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"Conceptual framework","score":0.3677999973297119}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.8303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.678600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.5353999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984578830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complexity science","level":2,"score":0.47589999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63108463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581233","display_name":"Complex adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179133015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639378","display_name":"Social system","level":2,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87912763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663737","display_name":"System of systems","level":3,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117847474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167061","display_name":"Systems science","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89798329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Systems theory","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776184637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6506039","display_name":"Living systems","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988305597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215772","display_name":"Evolving systems","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24119478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679871","display_name":"Systems analysis","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152662350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815297","display_name":"Systems biology","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126701199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264224","display_name":"Complex dynamics","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/6105872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6105872","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/6105872.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.05088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.05088","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.05088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:35a2f558dd7544f0ac8d97d19f303f19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/35a2f558dd7544f0ac8d97d19f303f19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/6105872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6105872","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/6105872.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1724174551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1122374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308782","funder_display_name":"Hertz Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3526151021","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1122374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5635854791","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"112237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6107656849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308782","funder_display_name":"Hertz Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6894402473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7297461854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"122374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308782","display_name":"Hertz Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ycgxf29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2996656423.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2996656423.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118507523","https://openalex.org/W1537415400","https://openalex.org/W1538662025","https://openalex.org/W1587511915","https://openalex.org/W1873773005","https://openalex.org/W1929835063","https://openalex.org/W1963646031","https://openalex.org/W1965762557","https://openalex.org/W1968164782","https://openalex.org/W1968405752","https://openalex.org/W1969306485","https://openalex.org/W1970777915","https://openalex.org/W1972901786","https://openalex.org/W1975636362","https://openalex.org/W1976687209","https://openalex.org/W1977578104","https://openalex.org/W1994824437","https://openalex.org/W1996311215","https://openalex.org/W2009772627","https://openalex.org/W2011866841","https://openalex.org/W2017901574","https://openalex.org/W2018259456","https://openalex.org/W2018505677","https://openalex.org/W2018947744","https://openalex.org/W2029226634","https://openalex.org/W2037102228","https://openalex.org/W2045514650","https://openalex.org/W2060963592","https://openalex.org/W2076199148","https://openalex.org/W2086126894","https://openalex.org/W2087895317","https://openalex.org/W2088572477","https://openalex.org/W2090136613","https://openalex.org/W2090434388","https://openalex.org/W2096526352","https://openalex.org/W2102110754","https://openalex.org/W2106669096","https://openalex.org/W2107978848","https://openalex.org/W2108643380","https://openalex.org/W2112439563","https://openalex.org/W2116199452","https://openalex.org/W2125527319","https://openalex.org/W2138260574","https://openalex.org/W2138890315","https://openalex.org/W2143977530","https://openalex.org/W2145022888","https://openalex.org/W2149410635","https://openalex.org/W2150265421","https://openalex.org/W2152471738","https://openalex.org/W2153268540","https://openalex.org/W2164169701","https://openalex.org/W2165564169","https://openalex.org/W2544337028","https://openalex.org/W2626027152","https://openalex.org/W2626277945","https://openalex.org/W2745341086","https://openalex.org/W2898121900","https://openalex.org/W2900696906","https://openalex.org/W2903091364","https://openalex.org/W2963662775","https://openalex.org/W3008412425","https://openalex.org/W3013733130","https://openalex.org/W3123822217","https://openalex.org/W3124305668","https://openalex.org/W4237465576","https://openalex.org/W4252502036"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"standard":[1],"assumptions":[2,29],"that":[3,72,135],"underlie":[4],"many":[5,14],"conceptual":[6,108],"and":[7,18,26,31,61,78,109,114,131,149,151,158],"quantitative":[8],"frameworks":[9,34],"do":[10],"not":[11],"hold":[12],"for":[13,35,112],"complex":[15,40,51,118],"physical,":[16],"biological,":[17],"social":[19],"systems.":[20,41],"Complex":[21],"systems":[22,52,70,89,119,157],"science":[23],"clarifies":[24],"when":[25],"why":[27],"such":[28],"fail":[30],"provides":[32],"alternative":[33],"understanding":[36,113],"the":[37,47,57,63,67,85,93,117],"properties":[38,87],"of":[39,46,50,65,69,73,88,95,120],"This":[42,123],"review":[43],"introduces":[44],"some":[45],"basic":[48],"principles":[49],"science,":[53],"including":[54],"complexity":[55,68],"profiles,":[56],"tradeoff":[58],"between":[59],"efficiency":[60],"adaptability,":[62],"necessity":[64],"matching":[66],"to":[71,92,140],"their":[74],"environments,":[75],"multiscale":[76],"analysis,":[77],"evolutionary":[79],"processes.":[80],"Our":[81],"focus":[82],"is":[83,154],"on":[84],"general":[86],"as":[90],"opposed":[91],"modeling":[94],"specific":[96],"dynamics;":[97],"rather":[98],"than":[99],"provide":[100],"a":[101,107,127],"comprehensive":[102],"review,":[103],"we":[104],"pedagogically":[105],"describe":[106],"analytic":[110],"approach":[111],"interacting":[115],"with":[116],"our":[121],"world.":[122],"paper":[124],"assumes":[125],"only":[126],"high":[128],"school":[129],"mathematical":[130],"scientific":[132],"background":[133],"so":[134],"it":[136],"may":[137],"be":[138],"accessible":[139],"academics":[141],"in":[142,146,156],"all":[143],"fields,":[144],"decision-makers":[145],"industry,":[147],"government,":[148],"philanthropy,":[150],"anyone":[152],"who":[153],"interested":[155],"society.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}