{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009753279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5629090","title":"Machine Learning for the Preliminary Diagnosis of Dementia","display_name":"Machine Learning for the Preliminary Diagnosis of Dementia","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009753279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5629090","mag":"3009753279","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38486686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/5629090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5629090","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2020/5629090.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2020/5629090.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100927441","display_name":"Fubao Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fubao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100711195","display_name":"Xiao\u2010Nan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6719-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaonan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020886680","display_name":"Haipeng Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0573-1238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44854399","display_name":"University of Southern Mississippi","ror":"https://ror.org/0270vfa57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haipeng Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences and Computer Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences and Computer Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071315431","display_name":"Zhuo He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-4579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603443","display_name":"Chaoyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-1780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44854399","display_name":"University of Southern Mississippi","ror":"https://ror.org/0270vfa57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences and Computer Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences and Computer Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075181003","display_name":"Guang\u2010Uei Hung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124028","display_name":"Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02ntc9t93","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124028"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang-Uei Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0283","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012590464","display_name":"Pai\u2010Yi Chiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2552-4516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124028","display_name":"Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02ntc9t93","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124028"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pai-Yi Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2552-4516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011955671","display_name":"Weihua Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-959X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-959X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011955671","https://openalex.org/A5012590464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088","https://openalex.org/I4210124028"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":6.8011,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97859213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.4627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.4627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.06419999897480011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.04960000142455101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"Dementia","score":0.6709075570106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.551264226436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37538889050483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3150191903114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.10504150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.05421125888824463}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.6709075570106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.551264226436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37538889050483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3150191903114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.10504150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.05421125888824463}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/5629090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5629090","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2020/5629090.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38486686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38486686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific programming","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10938949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10938949","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10938949/pdf/nihms-1970647.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sci Program","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aquila.usm.edu:fac_pubs-18464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/fac_pubs/17152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402529","display_name":"Aquila Digital Community (University of Southern Mississippi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I44854399","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Mississippi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44854399"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.mtu.edu:michigantech-p-2808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/1815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196391","display_name":"Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","host_organization_name":"Michigan Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Tech Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:80fca81746f843e1b673d63d0d26d3ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/80fca81746f843e1b673d63d0d26d3ed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/5629090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5629090","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2020/5629090.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166774750","display_name":"Scientific Programming","issn_l":"1058-9244","issn":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1943163217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019ZCKJ228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311652","funder_display_name":"Michigan Technological University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G242102485","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17AIREA33700016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311652","funder_display_name":"Michigan Technological University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3055584825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17AIREA33700016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306230","funder_display_name":"American Heart Association"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3435971683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202102210384","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311652","funder_display_name":"Michigan Technological University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6786944343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202102210384","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306230","funder_display_name":"American Heart Association"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6806341947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202102210384","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322501","funder_display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G686859975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019ZCKJ228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322501","funder_display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G705807562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019ZCKJ228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306230","funder_display_name":"American Heart Association"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7536256098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17AIREA33700016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322501","funder_display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306230","display_name":"American Heart Association","ror":"https://ror.org/013kjyp64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311652","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322501","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322766","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009753279.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009753279.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984323748","https://openalex.org/W1991952617","https://openalex.org/W2003688643","https://openalex.org/W2015283109","https://openalex.org/W2091613095","https://openalex.org/W2099454382","https://openalex.org/W2115017507","https://openalex.org/W2116698967","https://openalex.org/W2117190680","https://openalex.org/W2128529067","https://openalex.org/W2130126582","https://openalex.org/W2131391419","https://openalex.org/W2135011268","https://openalex.org/W2151591509","https://openalex.org/W2582524520","https://openalex.org/W2780705833","https://openalex.org/W2782743885","https://openalex.org/W2803727374","https://openalex.org/W2805328357","https://openalex.org/W2920968489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective":[0],".":[1,50,94,134],"The":[2,107,135],"reliable":[3],"diagnosis":[4,32],"remains":[5],"a":[6,21,58,143],"challenging":[7],"issue":[8],"in":[9,139],"the":[10,30,65,78,90,98,102,112,129,150],"early":[11,151],"stages":[12,152],"of":[13,33,72,153],"dementia.":[14,154],"We":[15,51],"aimed":[16],"to":[17,28,63,88,148],"develop":[18,89],"and":[19,43,123],"validate":[20],"new":[22],"method":[23],"based":[24],"on":[25],"machine":[26],"learning":[27],"help":[29],"preliminary":[31],"normal,":[34],"mild":[35,40],"cognitive":[36],"impairment":[37],"(MCI),":[38],"very":[39],"dementia":[41,44],"(VMD),":[42],"using":[45],"an":[46],"informant-based":[47],"questionnaire.":[48,60],"Methods":[49],"enrolled":[52],"5,272":[53],"individuals":[54],"who":[55],"filled":[56],"out":[57],"37-item":[59],"In":[61],"order":[62],"select":[64],"most":[66,99],"important":[67],"features,":[68],"three":[69,103],"different":[70],"techniques":[71],"feature":[73,104],"selection":[74,105],"were":[75,86],"tested.":[76],"Then,":[77],"top":[79],"features":[80],"combined":[81],"with":[82],"six":[83,130],"classification":[84,131],"algorithms":[85],"used":[87],"diagnostic":[91,136],"models.":[92,132],"Results":[93],"Information":[95],"Gain":[96],"was":[97],"effective":[100],"among":[101,128],"methods.":[106],"Naive":[108],"Bayes":[109],"algorithm":[110],"performed":[111],"best":[113],"(accuracy":[114],"=":[115,118,121,126],"0.81,":[116,122],"precision":[117],"0.82,":[119],"recall":[120],"F":[124],"-measure":[125],"0.81)":[127],"Conclusion":[133],"model":[137],"proposed":[138],"this":[140],"paper":[141],"provides":[142],"powerful":[144],"tool":[145],"for":[146],"clinicians":[147],"diagnose":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
